Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

4.1K
Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
4.1K
¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR01:15

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR

1.8K
The axial and equatorial protons in cyclohexane can be distinguished by performing a variable-temperature NMR experiment. In this process, except for one proton, the remaining eleven protons are replaced by deuterium. The deuterium substitution avoids the possible peak splitting caused by the spin-spin coupling between the adjacent protons. The remaining proton flips between the axial and equatorial positions.
1.8K
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

791
Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
791
Aldehydes and Ketones with Water: Hydrate Formation01:20

Aldehydes and Ketones with Water: Hydrate Formation

5.0K
An oxygen-based nucleophile, like water, can undergo addition reactions with aldehydes and ketones. The reaction leads to the formation of hydrates, also referred to as 1,1-diols or geminal diols.
The formation of hydrates is a reversible reaction. Hydrate formation is influenced by steric and electronic factors accompanying the alkyl substituents on the carbonyl group: The rate of hydrate formation increases with a decrease in the number of alkyl groups attached to the carbonyl carbon. Hence,...
5.0K
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

15.4K
Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
15.4K
Molecular Shapes01:18

Molecular Shapes

62.9K
Molecules have characteristic shapes that are crucial for their function. The arrangement of various electron groups around the central atom dictates their molecular geometry. Electron pairs in the valence shell of a central atom will adopt an arrangement that minimizes repulsions between the electron pairs by maximizing the distance between them. The valence electrons form either bonding pairs, located primarily between bonded atoms, or lone pairs.
Two regions of electron density in a diatomic...
62.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Isoniazid-Saccharin Salts: Synthesis, Structural Aspects, Thermal Properties and Spectroscopic Characterization.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

NIR excitation-driven conformational isomerizations of thymol and carvacrol isolated in a nitrogen cryomatrix.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same author

Structural and Vibrational Characterizations of Alizarin Red S.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Infrared Spectrum and UV-Triggered Transformations of Matrix-Isolated Meta-Fluorothiophenol Supported by Ground and Excited State Theoretical Calculations.

Journal of computational chemistry·2025
Same author

Structural and luminescent properties of a Cr<sup>3+</sup>/Sm<sup>3+</sup> doped GdAlO<sub>3</sub> orthorhombic perovskite for solid-state lighting applications.

RSC advances·2025
Same author

Photochemical Generation and Characterization of <i>C</i>-Aminophenyl-Nitrilimines: Insights on Their Bond-Shift Isomers by Matrix-Isolation IR Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory Calculations.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Author Spotlight: Accelerating Discovery in Microporous Material Chemistry
07:20

Author Spotlight: Accelerating Discovery in Microporous Material Chemistry

Published on: October 6, 2023

4.5K

5-Methylhydantoin: From Isolated Molecules in a Low-Temperature Argon Matrix to Solid State Polymorphs

B A Nogueira1, G O Ildiz1,2, J Canotilho3

  • 1CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra , P-3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. A
|June 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary

The study investigated 5-methylhydantoin (5-MH) using spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. Researchers detailed its structure, photochemistry, and identified four distinct solid forms (polymorphs).

More Related Videos

A Microfluidic Approach for the Study of Ice and Clathrate Hydrate Crystallization
08:01

A Microfluidic Approach for the Study of Ice and Clathrate Hydrate Crystallization

Published on: August 18, 2022

3.6K
Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

8.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Author Spotlight: Accelerating Discovery in Microporous Material Chemistry
07:20

Author Spotlight: Accelerating Discovery in Microporous Material Chemistry

Published on: October 6, 2023

4.5K
A Microfluidic Approach for the Study of Ice and Clathrate Hydrate Crystallization
08:01

A Microfluidic Approach for the Study of Ice and Clathrate Hydrate Crystallization

Published on: August 18, 2022

3.6K
Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

8.5K

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Solid-State Chemistry
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • 5-methylhydantoin (5-MH) is a molecule with potential applications, but its structural and photochemical properties require detailed investigation.
  • Understanding the polymorphism of organic molecules is crucial for controlling their solid-state properties and reactivity.
  • Previous studies on related hydantoin molecules provide a basis for comparison.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular structure, vibrational spectra, and photochemical behavior of 5-methylhydantoin (5-MH).
  • To investigate the electronic structure and orbital interactions within 5-MH using theoretical methods.
  • To identify and characterize the different solid forms (polymorphs) of 5-MH and determine their crystal structures.

Main Methods:

  • Matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy and theoretical calculations (DFT/B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)) were employed to study molecular structure and spectra.
  • Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis was used to examine the electronic structure and stabilizing orbital interactions.
  • Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized light thermal microscopy (PLTM), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to investigate thermal properties and crystal structures of polymorphs.

Main Results:

  • The molecular structure, vibrational spectra, and electronic properties of 5-MH were determined.
  • UV irradiation of 5-MH led to photofragmentation into isocyanic acid, ethanimine, and carbon monoxide.
  • Four distinct polymorphs of 5-MH were identified, with crystal structures determined for some using XRD.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a comprehensive understanding of 5-methylhydantoin's molecular and electronic structure, as well as its photochemical reactivity.
  • The identification and characterization of multiple polymorphs highlight the complex solid-state behavior of 5-MH.
  • The findings contribute to the knowledge of hydantoin derivatives and their physical-chemical properties.