Single-lead f-wave extraction using diffusion geometry
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Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Diffusion Imaging in the Rat Cervical Spinal Cord
Published on: April 7, 2015
John Malik1, Neil Reed1, Chun-Li Wang2,3
1Department of Mathematics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Objective:
A novel single-lead f-wave extraction algorithm based on the modern diffusion geometry data analysis framework is proposed.
Approach:
The algorithm is essentially an averaged beat subtraction algorithm, where the ventricular activity template is estimated by combining a newly designed metric, the 'diffusion distance', and the non-local Euclidean median based on the non-linear manifold setup. We coined the algorithm [Formula: see text].
Main Results:
Two simulation schemes are considered, and the new algorithm [Formula: see text] outperforms traditional algorithms, including the average beat subtraction, principal component analysis, and adaptive singular value cancellation, in different evaluation metrics with statistical significance.
Significance:
The clinical potential is shown in the real Holter signal, and we introduce a new score to evaluate the performance of the algorithm.

