Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

842
A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
842
Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain01:26

Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain

407
Linear systems are characterized by two main properties: superposition and homogeneity. Superposition allows the response to multiple inputs to be the sum of the responses to each individual input. Homogeneity ensures that scaling an input by a scalar results in the response being scaled by the same scalar.
In contrast, nonlinear systems do not inherently possess these properties. However, for small deviations around an operating point, a nonlinear system can often be approximated as linear....
407
Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor01:31

Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor

6.2K
The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...
6.2K
Classification of Systems-I01:26

Classification of Systems-I

637
Linearity is a system property characterized by a direct input-output relationship, combining homogeneity and additivity.
Homogeneity dictates that if an input x(t) is multiplied by a constant c, the output y(t) is multiplied by the same constant. Mathematically, this is expressed as:
637
Induced Electric Dipoles01:28

Induced Electric Dipoles

4.9K
A permanent electric dipole orients itself along an external electric field. This rotation can be quantified by defining the potential energy because the external torque does work in rotating it. Then, the potential energy is minimum at the parallel configuration and maximum at the antiparallel configuration. While the former is a stable equilibrium, the latter is an unstable equilibrium.
Since the absolute value of potential energy holds no physical meaning, its zero value can be chosen as per...
4.9K
Linear time-invariant Systems01:23

Linear time-invariant Systems

998
A system is linear if it displays the characteristics of homogeneity and additivity, together termed the superposition property. This principle is fundamental in all linear systems. Linear time-invariant (LTI) systems include systems with linear elements and constant parameters.
The input-output behavior of an LTI system can be fully defined by its response to an impulsive excitation at its input. Once this impulse response is known, the system's reaction to any other input can be...
998

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Perspective on a challenge: Predicting the photochemistry of cyclobutanone.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same author

Assessment of Excited-State Methods for One- and Two-Photon Absorption in the Retinal Protonated Schiff Base.

The journal of physical chemistry. A·2026
Same author

Inhibition of human histone lysine methyltransferases by a redox-labile S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine analog.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Substrate selectivity of human histidine methyltransferase METTL9.

Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society·2026
Same author

Introducing PAIMP, the polarizable ab initio model potential method for embedded clusters.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same author

Sterol trafficking in yeast studied by one- and two-photon live-cell imaging of an intrinsically fluorescent ergosterol analog.

Methods and applications in fluorescence·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

9.0K

A quantum-mechanical perspective on linear response theory within polarizable embedding.

Nanna Holmgaard List1, Patrick Norman1, Jacob Kongsted2

  • 1Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 15, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|June 24, 2017
PubMed
Summary

We derived linear response theory for polarizable embedding models using quantum mechanics. This work clarifies how to best describe subsystem contributions to molecular properties.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Non-Invasive Imaging of Complex Bio-Structures Using Polarization-Sensitive Two-Photon Microscopy
05:54

Author Spotlight: Non-Invasive Imaging of Complex Bio-Structures Using Polarization-Sensitive Two-Photon Microscopy

Published on: September 8, 2023

1.8K
An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
11:03

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

9.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 27, 2026

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

9.0K
Author Spotlight: Non-Invasive Imaging of Complex Bio-Structures Using Polarization-Sensitive Two-Photon Microscopy
05:54

Author Spotlight: Non-Invasive Imaging of Complex Bio-Structures Using Polarization-Sensitive Two-Photon Microscopy

Published on: September 8, 2023

1.8K
An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
11:03

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

9.1K

Area of Science:

  • Quantum mechanics
  • Theoretical chemistry
  • Computational chemistry

Background:

  • Polarizable embedding models are crucial for simulating molecular properties in complex environments.
  • Linear response theory provides a framework for understanding how systems react to external perturbations.
  • Accurate theoretical descriptions are needed to interpret computational results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To rigorously derive linear response theory within the framework of polarizable embedding.
  • To analyze different subsystem decompositions of the linear response function.
  • To clarify the theoretical underpinnings of polarizable embedding models.

Main Methods:

  • Quantum-mechanical treatment of composite systems.
  • Introduction of symmetric and nonsymmetric subsystem decompositions.
  • Analysis of pole structures and residues of the linear response function.

Main Results:

  • A rigorous derivation of linear response theory for polarizable embedding.
  • Identification of key features and approximate forms of the response function.
  • Demonstration of the application to a model system.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a theoretical justification for current polarizable embedding descriptions.
  • It clarifies the choice of response function and highlights challenges in separating subsystem contributions.
  • The findings aid in the accurate calculation of molecular properties.