Late outcomes of pulmonary embolism: The post-PE syndrome

The post-Pulmonary Embolism (post-PE) syndrome is being increasingly recognized as a long-term consequence of PE. Its most severe manifestation, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), affects a small proportion of PE survivors. However, many more with less severe post-PE syndrome have reduced quality of life and functional capacity. The pathophysiology is incompletely understood, but involves unresolved pulmonary artery thrombi, right ventricular damage, and abnormal gas exchange. Treatment has only been established for CTEPH, and further studies are required to determine how less severe forms of the post-PE syndrome should be treated and if preventive strategies can reduce its incidence.