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Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Comparative Analysis of Lower Limb Kinematics between the Initial and Terminal Phase of 5km Treadmill Running
Published on: July 17, 2020
Are two-dimensional measured frontal plane angles related to three-dimensional measured kinematic profiles during
Bart Dingenen1, Filip F Staes1, Lieselot Santermans1
1KU Leuven Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Belgium, Tervuursevest 101 b1501, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
Objectives:
To investigate the temporal relationship between two-dimensional measured frontal plane joint angles and three-dimensional measured kinematic profiles during the stance phase of running, and to assess the intra- and intertester reliability of the two-dimensional angles.
Design:
Observational study.
Setting:
Research laboratory.
Participants:
Fifteen injury-free elite athletes.
Main Outcome Measures:
Contralateral pelvic drop (CPD), femoral adduction (FA), hip adduction (HA) and knee valgus (KV) were measured at the deepest landing position during midstance with two-dimensional video analysis during running. CPD, HA and knee abduction were measured continuously during the entire stance phase through three-dimensional motion analysis. One-dimensional statistical parametric mapping was used to examine the temporal relationships between the two-dimensional angles and three-dimensional kinematic profiles. In addition, intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to assess the intra- and intertester reliability of the two-dimensional angles.
Results:
Two-dimensional CPD, FA and HA were significantly related to the three-dimensional HA kinematic profile. Two-dimensional CPD was significantly related to the three-dimensional CPD kinematic profile. No significant relationship was found between two-dimensional KV and three-dimensional knee abduction. Excellent intra- and intertester reliability was found for the two-dimensional angles (ICC 0.90-0.99).
Conclusions:
These findings support implementing two-dimensional video analysis to evaluate CPD and HA during running.
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