Disrupted pursuit compensation during self-motion perception in early Alzheimer's disease

Our perception of the world is remarkably stable despite of distorted retinal input due to frequent eye movements. It is considered that the brain uses corollary discharge, efference copies of signals sent from motor to visual regions, to compensate for distortions and stabilize visual perception. In this study, we tested whether patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have impaired corollary discharge functions as evidenced by reduced compensation during the perception of optic flow that mimics self-motion in the environment. We asked a group of early-stage AD patients and age-matched healthy controls to indicate the perceived direction of self-motion based on optic flow while tracking a moving target with smooth pursuit eye movement, or keeping eye fixation at a stationary target. We first replicated the previous findings that healthy participants were able to compensate for distorted optic flow in the presence of eye movements, as indicated by similar performance of self-motion perception between pursuit and fixation conditions. In stark contrast, AD patients showed impaired self-motion perception when the optic flow was distorted by eye movements. Our results suggest that early-stage AD pathology is associated with disrupted eye movement compensation during self-motion perception.