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Self-anti-reflective density-modulated thin films by HIPS technique.

Filiz Keles1,2, Emad Badradeen1, Tansel Karabacak1

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204, United States of America.

Nanotechnology
|June 24, 2017
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Summary

High pressure sputtering creates porous, low-density copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) thin films. This density modulation reduces light reflectance, enhancing optical absorptance without anti-reflective coatings.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Thin Film Technology
  • Optical Engineering

Background:

  • Efficient light harvesting devices require minimized reflectance for high optical absorptance.
  • Refractive index engineering is crucial for reducing reflectance in thin films.
  • Conventional methods for reducing reflectance include anti-reflective coatings and surface texturing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a novel fabrication method for density-modulated copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) thin films.
  • To engineer self-anti-reflective properties into CIGS thin films.
  • To enhance optical absorptance in thin films through controlled density modulation.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of density-modulated CIGS thin films using high pressure sputtering (HIPS) and low pressure sputtering (LPS).
  • HIPS was performed at 2.75 × 10⁻² mbar Ar pressure, yielding low-density films (~15% porosity) due to atomic shadowing.
  • LPS was performed at 3.0 × 10⁻³ mbar Ar pressure, producing conventional high-density films.

Main Results:

  • Density-modulated CIGS films with a HIPS layer exhibited lower reflectance and higher optical absorptance compared to conventional LPS films.
  • The reduced reflectance is attributed to the self-anti-reflective property of the HIPS layer, confirmed by a lower refractive index.
  • No significant morphological differences were observed between the HIPS and LPS films, indicating optical property enhancement is due to density modulation.

Conclusions:

  • High pressure sputtering (HIPS) is a viable, scalable method for creating density-modulated thin films.
  • This approach effectively reduces reflectance and enhances optical absorptance by engineering the refractive index.
  • HIPS offers a potential alternative to traditional anti-reflective coatings and surface texturing for light harvesting applications.