Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...

Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

The acid-base reaction class has been studied for quite some time. In 1680, Robert Boyle reported traits of acid solutions that included their ability to dissolve many substances, to change the colors of certain natural dyes, and to lose these traits after coming in contact with alkali (base) solutions. In the eighteenth century, it was recognized that acids have a sour taste, react with limestone to liberate a gaseous substance (now known to be CO2), and interact with alkalis to form neutral...

Allosteric Proteins-ATCase

Allosteric Proteins-ATCase

Binding sites linkages can regulate a protein's function. For example, enzyme activity is often regulated through a feedback mechanism where the end product of the biochemical process serves as an inhibitor.
Aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the condensation of L-aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate to N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate. This reaction is the first step in pyrimidine biosynthesis. UTP and CTP, the end products of the pyrimidine synthesis...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

All India Ophthalmological Society (AIOS) Task Force guidelines to prevent intraocular infections and cluster outbreaks after cataract surgery.

Indian journal of ophthalmology·2022

Same author

Unilateral retinal vein occlusion in a young, healthy male following Sputnik V vaccination.

Indian journal of ophthalmology·2021

Same author

Diabetic macular edema treatment guidelines in India: All India Ophthalmological Society Diabetic Retinopathy Task Force and Vitreoretinal Society of India consensus statement.

Indian journal of ophthalmology·2021

Same author

Response comment on: Retinal manifestations in patients following COVID-19 infection.

Indian journal of ophthalmology·2021

Same author

Reply to a Letter to the Editor on a Published Manuscript: Bilateral Multifocal Choroiditis following COVID-19 Vaccination.

Ocular immunology and inflammation·2021

Same author

Bilateral Multifocal Choroiditis following COVID-19 Vaccination.

Ocular immunology and inflammation·2021

Same journal

Eye injury rates and community cost savings through vision centers: Evidence from southern India.

Indian journal of ophthalmology·2026

Same journal

Evaluation of the protective efficiency of polycarbonate goggles against firecracker-related ocular injuries.

Indian journal of ophthalmology·2026

Same journal

Comment on: Clinical characteristics, risk factor analysis, and outcomes of graft rejection after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty.

Indian journal of ophthalmology·2026

Same journal

Issue regarding E Log book for PG students: Paper to pixels.

Indian journal of ophthalmology·2026

Same journal

Methylation matters: A case control study on epigenetic alteration in diabetic retinopathy.

Indian journal of ophthalmology·2026

Same journal

Understanding the disconnect: A pilot study of public perception versus reality of corneal donation in India.

Indian journal of ophthalmology·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Direct Detection of the Acetate-forming Activity of the Enzyme Acetate Kinase

Direct Detection of the Acetate-forming Activity of the Enzyme Acetate Kinase

Published on: December 19, 2011

Alkaptonuria: A case report.

Nirupama Damarla¹, Prathima Linga¹, Mallika Goyal¹

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology

|June 24, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Alkaptonuria, a rare metabolic disorder, causes homogentisic acid buildup, leading to ochronosis. This case highlights unusual retinal findings in an Indian male with this condition.

More Related Videos

Assaying for Inorganic Polyphosphate in Bacteria

Assaying for Inorganic Polyphosphate in Bacteria

Published on: January 21, 2019

Establishment and Characterization of UTI and CAUTI in a Mouse Model

Establishment and Characterization of UTI and CAUTI in a Mouse Model

Published on: June 23, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Direct Detection of the Acetate-forming Activity of the Enzyme Acetate Kinase

Direct Detection of the Acetate-forming Activity of the Enzyme Acetate Kinase

Published on: December 19, 2011

Assaying for Inorganic Polyphosphate in Bacteria

Assaying for Inorganic Polyphosphate in Bacteria

Published on: January 21, 2019

Establishment and Characterization of UTI and CAUTI in a Mouse Model

Establishment and Characterization of UTI and CAUTI in a Mouse Model

Published on: June 23, 2015

Area of Science:

Genetics
Metabolic Disorders
Ophthalmology

Background:

Alkaptonuria is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase deficiency.
This leads to the accumulation of homogentisic acid, causing ochronosis (bluish-black discoloration) in connective tissues.

Observation:

The case report details a 39-year-old Indian male patient diagnosed with Alkaptonuria.
The patient presented with typical ocular manifestations, including conjunctival, corneal, and scleral discoloration.

Findings:

This report documents novel and additional ocular features observed in the retina of the patient.
These retinal findings represent an atypical presentation of Alkaptonuria.

Implications:

Understanding these additional retinal manifestations can improve the diagnosis and management of Alkaptonuria.
This case expands the known spectrum of ocular involvement in this rare metabolic disease.