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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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Exploiting CRISPR-Cas to manipulate Enterococcus faecalis populations.

Karthik Hullahalli1, Marinelle Rodrigues1, Kelli L Palmer1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, United States.

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|June 24, 2017
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Summary

Multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecalis can reactivate CRISPR2 for genome defense. CRISPR targets are lost over time, with selection influencing their persistence, offering a strategy to alter bacterial populations.

Keywords:
CRISPREnterococcus faecalisantibiotic resistanceevolutionary biologygenomicsinfectious diseasemicrobiologyplasmid

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacterial Genetics
  • CRISPR-Cas Systems

Background:

  • CRISPR-Cas systems act as prokaryotic defense mechanisms against horizontal gene transfer.
  • Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterococcus faecalis typically lack functional CRISPR-Cas systems, possessing only an orphan CRISPR locus (CRISPR2).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interaction between CRISPR-Cas genome defense and antibiotic selection on E. faecalis populations.
  • To explore the potential reactivation of CRISPR2 for genome defense in MDR E. faecalis strains.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro cultivation of MDR E. faecalis populations.
  • Monitoring of CRISPR target maintenance under varying selection pressures.
  • Assessment of CRISPR2 reactivation and its impact on bacterial populations.

Main Results:

  • CRISPR2 can be reactivated for genome defense in MDR E. faecalis.
  • E. faecalis transiently maintains CRISPR targets even with active CRISPR-Cas systems.
  • CRISPR targets are lost over time; selection pressure dictates persistence, while absence of selection leads to loss.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR2 reactivation offers a novel genome defense strategy in MDR E. faecalis.
  • The dynamics of CRISPR target maintenance are influenced by selective pressures.
  • Exploiting the fitness cost associated with forced CRISPR target maintenance can alter heterogeneous E. faecalis populations.