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GTPases and their Regulation02:14

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Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins), also known as GTPases, are a superfamily of proteins that regulate many cellular processes, such as cell signaling, vesicular transport, and the regulation of cell shape and motility. Mutation or dysfunction of these proteins can lead to disease. There are around 40,000 known G-proteins that can broadly be classified into two groups ‒  small G-proteins consisting of a single domain and large multi-domain G-proteins.
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Heterotrimeric G proteins are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. As the name suggests, heterotrimeric G proteins are composed of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. They remain GDP-bound or GTP-bound inside the cells and switch between inactive/active states. The Gα subunit possesses the nucleotide-binding pocket that binds guanine nucleotides and switches between GDP or GTP-bound states. In contrast, the Gꞵ and Gγ subunits are always bound together with high...
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Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
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Rab proteins constitute the largest family of monomeric GTPases, of which 70 members are present in humans. Rab proteins and their effectors regulate consecutive stages of vesicle transport such as vesicle transport, docking, and fusion to the correct recipient membrane.
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Comparing the Affinity of GTPase-binding Proteins using Competition Assays
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Small GTPases in plant biotic interactions.

Claudio Rivero1, Soledad Traubenik1, María Eugenia Zanetti1

  • 1a Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Centro Científico y Tecnológico-La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas , La Plata , Argentina.

Small Gtpases
|June 24, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Small GTPases are vital for plant-microbe interactions, controlling cell processes like vesicle trafficking and signaling. This review explores their roles in plant pathogenic and symbiotic relationships.

Keywords:
ArfRabRopcytoskeletonnodulationpathogenesisvesicle trafficking

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Plant Science
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Small monomeric GTPases are ancient proteins involved in fundamental cellular processes.
  • These GTPases regulate vesicle trafficking, cytoskeleton dynamics, and signaling pathways.
  • Their evolution is linked to adaptation in diverse eukaryotic lineages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the emerging roles of small GTPases in plant-microorganism interactions.
  • To highlight the importance of membrane trafficking in these interactions.
  • To discuss their functions in pathogenic and symbiotic plant-microbe relationships.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on small GTPases.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on plant-microbe interactions.
  • Synthesis of information on membrane trafficking mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Small GTPases play critical roles in plant recognition of and response to microorganisms.
  • Membrane trafficking, regulated by small GTPases, is essential for nutrient exchange in symbiotic interactions.
  • These proteins are involved in signal transduction pathways during pathogenic and symbiotic events.

Conclusions:

  • Small GTPases are key regulators in plant-microbe interactions, influencing both disease and symbiosis.
  • Understanding these GTPases offers insights into plant immunity and beneficial microbial associations.
  • Targeting small GTPase functions could provide novel strategies for crop improvement and disease management.