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Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Force and Position Control in Humans - The Role of Augmented Feedback
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Error Feedback Frequency Affects Automaticity But Not Accuracy and Consistency After Extensive Motor Skill Practice.

Daniel Krause1, Manfred Agethen1, Christina Zobe1

  • 1a University of Paderborn, Faculty of Science, Faculty of Science, Faculty of Science, Department of Exercise & Health, Human Movement and Exercise Science , Paderborn University , Paderborn , Germany.

Journal of Motor Behavior
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Lower feedback frequency enhanced motor automatization by reducing dual-task interference. High feedback frequency did not improve movement accuracy or consistency, suggesting it may hinder skill learning.

Keywords:
augmented feedbackautomaticitydual taskmotor learning

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Area of Science:

  • Motor Learning
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human Movement Science

Background:

  • Previous research explored feedback frequency's impact on movement accuracy and consistency.
  • The role of feedback frequency in motor automatization remained less understood.
  • High error feedback may trigger attentional control, potentially impeding automaticity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of different feedback frequencies on motor automatization.
  • To examine whether feedback frequency affects movement accuracy and consistency.
  • To determine the optimal feedback schedule for developing automaticity in motor skills.

Main Methods:

  • A pre-post design study involving 42 participants practicing an arm movement sequence.
  • Two groups received feedback at 100% or 14% frequency (fading schedule) over 760 trials.
  • Dual-task costs were measured to assess motor automaticity.

Main Results:

  • The 14% feedback frequency group demonstrated reduced dual-task costs, indicating increased automaticity.
  • No significant differences in movement accuracy or consistency were observed between groups.
  • High feedback frequency did not enhance performance metrics related to skill execution.

Conclusions:

  • Lower feedback frequency, particularly a fading schedule, promotes motor automatization.
  • High feedback frequency may not be beneficial and could potentially interfere with skill automation.
  • Future research should explore the precise mechanisms linking feedback frequency to attentional processes in motor learning.