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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Highly Sensitive Assay for Measurement of Arenavirus-cell Attachment

Highly Sensitive Assay for Measurement of Arenavirus-cell Attachment

Published on: March 2, 2016

New World Arenavirus Biology.

Nicolás Sarute¹, Susan R Ross¹

¹Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; email: sarute@uic.edu , srross@uic.edu.

Annual Review of Virology

|June 25, 2017

Summary

New World hemorrhagic fevers are zoonotic diseases emerging from rodent populations due to environmental changes. Understanding arenavirus infection pathways and host responses is key to developing new treatments.

Keywords:

animal models arenavirus transferrin receptor

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Area of Science:

Virology
Ecology
Epidemiology

Background:

Hemorrhagic fevers caused by viruses were identified in South America in the late 1950s.
New World arenaviruses have co-evolved with rodent hosts for millions of years.
Emergence in humans is linked to environmental changes and increased rodent populations.

Purpose of the Study:

Review the ecology, molecular, and cellular biology of New World arenaviruses.
Discuss current animal models of infection.
Inform the development of new therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on New World arenaviruses.
Analysis of host-pathogen interactions, including cell entry mechanisms.
Evaluation of current animal models for arenavirus infections.

Main Results:

New World arenaviruses utilize human transferrin receptor 1 for cell entry.
Disease mechanisms remain unclear, possibly involving direct cellular effects or immune over-activation (cytokine storms).
High mortality rates are associated with these infections.

Conclusions:

Understanding the ecology and biology of New World arenaviruses is crucial.
Development of improved animal models is essential for studying disease pathogenesis.
Further research into infection pathways and host responses will facilitate new drug discovery for these viral hemorrhagic fevers.