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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Using Cholesky Decomposition to Explore Individual Differences in Longitudinal Relations between Reading Skills
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Using Cholesky Decomposition to Explore Individual Differences in Longitudinal Relations between Reading Skills

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Longitudinal changes in reading network connectivity related to skill improvement.

Jessica Wise Younger1, Elliot Tucker-Drob2, James R Booth3

  • 1Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.

Neuroimage
|June 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Reading ability increases with dynamic changes in brain connectivity. Initially, dorsal stream connectivity aids phonological decoding, then decreases as ventral stream connectivity for automatic recognition is maintained, indicating reading maturation.

Keywords:
Dorsal streamFunctional magnetic resonance imagingReading developmentReading network connectivityStructural equation modelingVentral stream

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Dyslexia research often shows reduced brain activation and connectivity in reading networks.
  • Developmental studies reveal age-related decreases in some brain activity during reading.
  • The developmental trajectory of reading network connectivity in typical readers is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate longitudinal changes in reading network connectivity in typically developing readers.
  • To determine how these connectivity changes relate to reading skill development.
  • To explore the roles of the dorsal and ventral streams in reading acquisition.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study design tracking brain connectivity and reading skills over time.
  • Analysis of functional connectivity within established reading networks.
  • Comparison of connectivity patterns between readers with varying improvement trajectories.

Main Results:

  • Increased reading ability correlated with initial high dorsal stream connectivity (phonological decoding), followed by a decrease.
  • Reading improvement linked to sustained ventral stream connectivity (orthographic recognition).
  • Readers with minimal improvement showed low dorsal stream connectivity and decreasing ventral stream connectivity.

Conclusions:

  • Superior reading ability development involves a shift from reliance on phonological decoding to automated orthographic recognition.
  • Dorsal and ventral stream development are interconnected, with dorsal stream decrease potentially facilitating ventral stream maturation.
  • Understanding these developmental trajectories offers insights into reading acquisition and potential interventions.