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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

4.0K
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

16.6K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

37.8K
Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
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Toxicological Assays for Testing Effects of an Epigenetic Drug on Development, Fecundity and Survivorship of Malaria Mosquitoes
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Aflatoxin B1-induced epigenetic alterations: An overview.

Yaqi Dai1, Kunlun Huang2, Boyang Zhang1

  • 1Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China; Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China.

Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association
|June 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a potent toxin found in food, can cause severe health issues. This review examines how epigenetic changes, like DNA methylation, contribute to AFB1 toxicity and disease.

Keywords:
Aflatoxin B1DNA methylationEpigeneticsHistone modificationsNon-coding RNA

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Purification of H3 and H4 Histone Proteins and the Quantification of Acetylated Histone Marks in Cells and Brain Tissue
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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a prevalent mycotoxin in food commodities.
  • AFB1 is recognized as the most toxic aflatoxin, linked to severe health issues.
  • Known health risks include carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, growth retardation, and immune suppression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize evidence on AFB1-induced epigenetic alterations.
  • To explore the potential mechanisms underlying AFB1 toxicity through an epigenetic lens.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of published studies.
  • Analysis of research focusing on AFB1 and epigenetic modifications.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA regulation, are implicated in AFB1 toxicity.
  • These epigenetic changes play a significant role in AFB1-induced carcinogenesis and disease development.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic alterations are crucial in mediating the adverse health effects of AFB1.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is vital for developing strategies to mitigate AFB1-related health risks.