Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

49.2K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
49.2K
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

13.4K
Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
13.4K
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

10.0K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
10.0K
Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

797
Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...
797
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

12.3K
The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
12.3K
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

8.3K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
8.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Food olfactory cues reactivity in individuals with obesity and the contribution of alexithymia.

Appetite·2021
Same author

Self-esteem as an important factor in quality of life and depressive symptoms in anosmia: A pilot study.

Clinical otolaryngology : official journal of ENT-UK ; official journal of Netherlands Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Cervico-Facial Surgery·2017
Same author

Olfactory training induces changes in regional functional connectivity in patients with long-term smell loss.

NeuroImage. Clinical·2015
Same author

Effects of chronic peripheral olfactory loss on functional brain networks.

Neuroscience·2015
Same author

Intranasal insulin influences the olfactory performance of patients with smell loss, dependent on the body mass index: A pilot study.

Rhinology·2015
Same author

Brain volumetry and self-regulation of brain activity relevant for neurofeedback.

Biological psychology·2015

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function
10:42

A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function

Published on: July 30, 2017

10.1K

Functional brain networks during picture encoding and recognition in different odor contexts.

J L Reichert1, M Ninaus2, W Schuehly3

  • 1Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria.

Behavioural Brain Research
|June 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Olfactory cues during memory tasks enhance piriform cortex activity during encoding. Different brain networks are engaged for congruent versus incongruent odor contexts during memory recall.

Keywords:
Context-dependent memoryEpisodic memoryFunctional connectivityOlfactionPicture memoryfMRI

More Related Videos

A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation
10:42

A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation

Published on: August 18, 2014

9.4K
Training Dogs for Awake, Unrestrained Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
07:59

Training Dogs for Awake, Unrestrained Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: October 13, 2019

8.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 27, 2026

A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function
10:42

A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function

Published on: July 30, 2017

10.1K
A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation
10:42

A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation

Published on: August 18, 2014

9.4K
Training Dogs for Awake, Unrestrained Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
07:59

Training Dogs for Awake, Unrestrained Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: October 13, 2019

8.1K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Olfactory Processing

Background:

  • Contextual odors can act as retrieval cues for memory encoding and recall.
  • Understanding the neural mechanisms underlying odor-contextual memory is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neuronal basis of odor-cued memory retrieval using functional MRI.
  • To examine how congruent and incongruent odors influence brain activity during memory tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Functional MRI (fMRI) data collected from 51 participants during encoding and recognition memory tasks.
  • Presentation of congruent (CO) and incongruent (IO) odors as contextual cues.
  • Group-independent component analysis (ICA) to analyze functional networks.

Main Results:

  • No significant influence of odor type on recognition performance.
  • Increased piriform cortex activation during successful encoding in the congruent odor group.
  • Differential task-modulation of subcortical networks for IO versus CO during recognition.

Conclusions:

  • Olfactory cues may enhance memory encoding through integration with piriform cortex activity.
  • Distinct neural network dynamics are involved in processing congruent versus incongruent olfactory contexts during memory recall.
  • Findings deepen understanding of functional neural networks in memory and olfactory processing.