Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

1.1K
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
1.1K
Pulmonary Function Tests01:25

Pulmonary Function Tests

928
Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...
928
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

50.0K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
50.0K
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

2.7K
Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
2.7K
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

688
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
688
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

1.2K
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Development and implementation of multidisciplinary care model to address the intersection of pain and opioid use disorder among patients on long term opioid treatment.

Pain management·2026
Same author

High Adherence Over a Decade of Annual Lung Cancer Screening in an Occupational Cohort.

Clinical lung cancer·2026
Same author

Superior Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease-Free Survival with Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide Relative to Tacrolimus/Methotrexate in Myeloablative HLA-Matched Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.

Transplantation and cellular therapy·2026
Same author

Obesity-Driven Lung Lipidome Remodeling Suppresses NK Cell Activation and Antiviral Immunity to Influenza Infection.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Discovery of Sulfonamide Pantothenate Kinase Activators and Elucidation of the Role of Isoform Selectivity in Cellular Pantothenate Kinase Activation.

Journal of medicinal chemistry·2026
Same author

Treatment kinetics and local response during and after bridging radiotherapy prior to CAR-T cell therapy for lymphomas.

Leukemia & lymphoma·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Processing of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Matched Blood for Alveolar Macrophage and CD4+ T-cell Immunophenotyping and HIV Reservoir Assessment
07:21

Processing of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Matched Blood for Alveolar Macrophage and CD4+ T-cell Immunophenotyping and HIV Reservoir Assessment

Published on: June 23, 2019

22.5K

Association Between CD4+, Viral Load, and Pulmonary Function in HIV.

Marjan Islam1,2, Navitha Ramesh3, Samuel Kolman4

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. marjan.islam@mountsinai.org.

Lung
|June 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary

High viral load (VL) in HIV patients significantly impairs lung diffusing capacity (DLCO). Suppressing VL may improve lung function over time, but further research is needed to confirm this recovery.

Keywords:
AIDSAntiretroviral therapyHIVNon-infectious complicationsPulmonary function test

More Related Videos

In Vitro Assay to Evaluate the Impact of Immunoregulatory Pathways on HIV-specific CD4 T Cell Effector Function
09:26

In Vitro Assay to Evaluate the Impact of Immunoregulatory Pathways on HIV-specific CD4 T Cell Effector Function

Published on: October 15, 2013

14.6K
Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models
09:54

Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models

Published on: December 3, 2019

10.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Processing of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Matched Blood for Alveolar Macrophage and CD4+ T-cell Immunophenotyping and HIV Reservoir Assessment
07:21

Processing of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Matched Blood for Alveolar Macrophage and CD4+ T-cell Immunophenotyping and HIV Reservoir Assessment

Published on: June 23, 2019

22.5K
In Vitro Assay to Evaluate the Impact of Immunoregulatory Pathways on HIV-specific CD4 T Cell Effector Function
09:26

In Vitro Assay to Evaluate the Impact of Immunoregulatory Pathways on HIV-specific CD4 T Cell Effector Function

Published on: October 15, 2013

14.6K
Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models
09:54

Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models

Published on: December 3, 2019

10.7K

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • HIV Research

Background:

  • The advent of antiretroviral therapy has altered HIV epidemiology, highlighting non-infectious pulmonary complications.
  • Understanding the relationship between HIV disease parameters and lung function is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between CD4+ cell count, viral load (VL), and pulmonary function in individuals with uncontrolled HIV.
  • To determine the longitudinal impact of changes in CD4+ count and VL on pulmonary function.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective observational study of 146 individuals with HIV undergoing pulmonary function testing.
  • Analysis of CD4+ count, VL, and pulmonary function parameters including DLCO, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and TLC.
  • Statistical analysis including univariate and multivariate correlations, and Spearman's Rank correlation for longitudinal changes.

Main Results:

  • Lower CD4+ count (<200 cells/μl) and higher VL (≥75 copies/ml) were independently associated with significantly impaired DLCO.
  • VL ≥75 copies/ml correlated with an 11.2 decrease in DLCO after adjusting for confounders.
  • A negative correlation was observed between changes in VL and changes in DLCO over time, suggesting potential for recovery with VL suppression.

Conclusions:

  • Viremia in HIV-positive individuals is independently linked to reduced diffusing capacity (DLCO).
  • Suppression of HIV viral load may lead to improvements in lung diffusing capacity over time.
  • Further investigation is warranted to quantify the extent of DLCO recovery following viral load suppression.