The Key to Adrenal Insufficiency Education: Repetition, Repetition, Repetition

Described more than 150 years ago by Thomas Addison, adrenal gland dysfunction, while treatable, remains a clinically significant and potentially fatal disease. Vague and non-specific symptomatology can delay diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency and lead to adrenal crisis. Affected individuals may delay self-management due to knowledge deficits or lack of required therapies. Advanced practice nurses must remain vigilant for signs and symptoms of adrenal insufficiency and prevention of crisis. Education of patients and their caregivers/family members must emphasize early intervention with regards to adrenal insufficiency in order to prevent adrenal crisis. Repetition of education about sick day rules and demonstration of intramuscular injections should be incorporated as part of the routine follow-up care of all individuals to enhance their confidence and self-efficacy in self-management of adrenal insufficiency.