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Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs Regarding Cardiovascular Disease in Women: The Women's Heart Alliance
C Noel Bairey Merz1, Holly Andersen2, Emily Sprague3
1Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California.
Insights
Most women and physicians underestimate cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, with weight concerns often overshadowing this leading killer. Improved physician education and targeted campaigns are crucial for women's heart health.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Cardiology
- Health Disparities
Background:
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death for women in the U.S., yet awareness remains low.
- Current CVD awareness campaigns often overlook the critical role of physicians in risk assessment for women.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify barriers and opportunities for women and physicians regarding cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment.
- To understand women's and physicians' perceptions of CVD as a health concern.
Main Methods:
- A 2014 nationwide survey involving 1,011 U.S. women (ages 25-60) and 300 healthcare professionals (PCPs and cardiologists).
- Data collected via GfK Knowledge Panel for women and e-Rewards Inc. Physician Panel for healthcare providers.
Main Results:
- 45% of women were unaware CVD is the top killer; 45% postponed appointments due to weight concerns.
- CVD was a top concern for only 39% of PCPs, secondary to weight and breast health.
- Physicians reported limited preparedness (22% of PCPs, 42% of cardiologists) for assessing CVD risk in women, with low guideline implementation.
Conclusions:
- Social stigma related to body weight acts as a barrier to addressing CVD in women.
- Physicians desire enhanced training and support for CVD risk assessment campaigns.
- Investment in women's CVD research and physician education is endorsed by both women and physicians.
Background:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number 1 killer of women in the United States, yet few younger women are aware of this fact. CVD campaigns focus little attention on physicians and their roles in assessing risk.
Objectives:
In 2014, the Women's Heart Alliance (WHA) conducted a nationwide survey to determine barriers and opportunities for women and physicians with regard to CVD.
Methods:
From September 18 to 26, 2014, a total of 1,011 U.S. women (age 25 to 60 years) were interviewed using the GfK ("Gesellschaft für Konsumforschung" Knowledge Panel). From May 6 to 12, 2014, the e-Rewards Inc. Physician and Healthcare Professional Panel surveyed 200 primary care physicians (PCPs) and 100 cardiologists.
Results:
Overall, 45% of women were unaware that CVD is the number 1 killer of women; only 11% knew a woman who died from CVD. Overall, 45% of women reported it was common to cancel or postpone a physician appointment until losing weight. CVD was rated as the top concern by only 39% of PCPs, after weight and breast health. Only 22% of PCPs and 42% of cardiologists (p = 0.0477) felt extremely well prepared to assess CVD risk in women, while 42% and 40% felt well-prepared (p = NS), respectively. Few comprehensively implemented guidelines.
Conclusions:
CVD was rated as the top concern less frequently than weight issues by both women and physicians. Social stigma particularly regarding body weight appeared to be a barrier. Physicians reported limited training and use of guideline assessment, whereas most supported a campaign and improved physician education. Campaigns should make CVD "real" to U.S. women, countering stereotypes with facts and validated assessments. Both community women and physicians endorsed investment in women's CVD research and physician education.
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