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Related Concept Videos

Plasticizers01:31

Plasticizers

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Water-reducers, or plasticizers, are chemical admixtures used in concrete to improve strength and workability. These additives reduce the water-cement ratio without compromising workability, lower the cement content while maintaining the same workability, or increase workability to assist concrete placement in inaccessible areas.
Plasticizers function by using surface-active agents to create repulsive electrostatic forces between cement particles. This dispersion enhances the concrete's...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
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Superplasticizers01:30

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Superplasticizers are advanced admixtures that enhance the workability of concrete by lowering the water content without compromising the strength of the material. These substances are highly effective water reducers, improving concrete flow, making it easier to work with, and enabling concrete to reach inaccessible areas or densely reinforced sections without mechanical vibration. The key components in superplasticizers are either sulfonated melamine or naphthalene formaldehyde condensates,...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Synthesis of Stimuli-responsive Nanogels using Aqueous One-step Crosslinking and Co-nanopolymerization
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Thiol-functionalized nanogels as reactive plasticizers for crosslinked polymer networks.

Manju Saraswathy1, Jeffrey W Stansbury2, Devatha P Nair1

  • 1Department of Craniofacial Biology University of Colorado-School of Dental Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials
|June 27, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Thiol-functionalized nanogels act as effective reactive plasticizers in polymer networks. These nanogels improve material properties like elongation and reduce shrinkage stress without compromising stability.

Keywords:
Crosslinked networksNanogelsPhthalate mimicsPlasticizersThiols

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Plasticizer migration from polymer networks poses environmental and toxicity concerns.
  • Existing reactive plasticizers have limited success in homogenous blending and property retention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize thiol-functionalized nanogels as reactive plasticizers.
  • To investigate their incorporation into polyethylene glycol 400 urethane dimethacrylic networks.
  • To evaluate their impact on polymer properties and plasticizer migration.

Main Methods:

  • Nanogels synthesized via thiol-Michael addition solution polymerization.
  • Incorporation into polyethylene glycol 400 urethane dimethacrylic monomer.
  • Photo-crosslinking to form polymer networks.
  • Characterization of material properties (optical clarity, mechanical strength, thermal stability).

Main Results:

  • Networks maintained hydrolytic, thermal stability, and biocompatibility with ~99% acrylic group conversion.
  • Optical clarity was retained (>90% visible light transmission at 20wt% nanogel).
  • Elongation increased by up to 320%, with a 37°C reduction in glass transition temperature and ≥50% modulus reduction.
  • Shrinkage stress reduced by 52%.

Conclusions:

  • Thiol-functionalized nanogels serve as efficient, network-specific reactive plasticizers.
  • Covalent crosslinking within the polymer matrix mitigates plasticizer migration.
  • This technique effectively modifies bulk polymer properties while maintaining material integrity.