[Aging and homeostasis. Age-associated diseases and clinical application of NMN(Nicotinamide Mononucleotide).]

Sirtuins are NAD ⁺ -dependent deacetylase and have drawn much attention as important regulators of aging and longevity. Because NAD ⁺ decline during the aging process, the approach to regulating aging using NAD ⁺ precursor such as nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) to replenish cellular NAD ⁺ through the activation of sirtuins have been investigated. In various animal models, NMN has been shown to mitigate age-associated physiological changes in liver, adipose tissue, muscle, pancreas, kidney, retina, and central nerve system. In animal models of metabolic diseases, NMN has been demonstrated to improve obesity, insulin resistance, and muscle mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, recent findings in the NMN research will be summarized, and the potential of NMN on the regulation of age-associated diseases in humans will be discussed.