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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

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Prenatal Omega-3 Supplementation and Eczema Risk among Offspring at Age 36 Months.

D Berman1, C Clinton2, R Limb3

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.

Insights in Allergy, Asthma & Bronchitis
|June 27, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Prenatal omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, specifically EPA and DHA, did not protect against childhood allergies. Instead, it was linked to a significantly increased risk of eczema in offspring compared to a soy oil placebo.

Keywords:
Allergic diseasesFatty acidsHypothesis

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Area of Science:

  • Perinatal nutrition
  • Allergy and immunology
  • Childhood development

Background:

  • Prenatal supplementation is explored for its long-term effects on offspring health.
  • Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) are investigated for their potential role in preventing early childhood allergies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if prenatal omega-3 fatty acid supplementation protects offspring against the development of early childhood allergies.
  • To assess the long-term impact of EPA- or DHA-rich fish oil supplementation versus a soy oil placebo on allergic outcomes in children.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial followed 84 mother-infant pairs from a larger cohort (118 women).
  • Offspring were assessed at 36 months for allergic/atopic diseases using National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) questions.
  • Multiple logistic regressions were used to analyze the association between prenatal supplementation and childhood outcomes, adjusting for covariates.

Main Results:

  • Eczema was significantly more prevalent in offspring whose mothers received omega-3 supplementation (EPA or DHA) compared to the soy oil placebo group (31% vs. 11.1%).
  • Prenatal EPA and DHA supplementation were associated with a 5-fold increased risk of offspring eczema, with adjusted odds ratios further increasing (EPA OR 8.1, DHA OR 9.6).
  • Maternal eczema was also a significant risk factor for offspring eczema (adjusted OR 10.8).

Conclusions:

  • Contrary to the hypothesis, prenatal omega-3 fatty acid supplementation was associated with a substantial increase in the risk of childhood eczema.
  • This association was specific to eczema and not observed for childhood respiratory or digestive allergies.
  • The findings suggest potential unfavorable effects of omega-3s or unanticipated protective effects of the soy placebo on eczema development.