Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Overview of Protein Metabolism01:21

Overview of Protein Metabolism

4.2K
Proteins are broken down into amino acids during digestion. Unlike fats and carbohydrates, which are stored for later use, proteins are not. Instead, amino acids are either used to produce ATP through oxidation or contribute to the creation of new proteins for the growth and repair of the body. Any surplus amino acids from the diet are converted into glucose or triglycerides rather than excreted.
Amino acids play various roles in the body once they are absorbed into cells. They are restructured...
4.2K
Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Bioavailability and Protein-Drug Binding01:22

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Bioavailability and Protein-Drug Binding

707
When a drug follows nonlinear pharmacokinetics, its bioavailability, the amount of the drug that reaches the systemic circulation, can change with different doses. This is due to the presence of a saturable pathway. The pathway becomes saturated as the drug concentration increases, decreasing the absorption rate. Consequently, the drug's bioavailability may be lower than expected at higher doses.
To quantify the extent of bioavailability, pharmacologists often use a parameter called .
707
Feedback Inhibition00:46

Feedback Inhibition

57.9K
Biochemical reactions are occurring constantly in cells, converting starting substances to different products, usually with the help of enzymes that speed the reactions. Without enzymes, it would take far too long for most reactions to occur to be useful to the cell!
57.9K
Stringent Response in E. coli01:23

Stringent Response in E. coli

419
Bacterial growth is closely tied to nutrient availability, with cells proliferating exponentially under favorable conditions and entering a stationary phase when resources become scarce. This transition is mediated by a regulatory mechanism known as the stringent response, which allows bacteria to adapt to nutrient deprivation by modulating gene expression and metabolic activity.During nutrient scarcity, intracellular amino acid levels decline. It results in the accumulation of uncharged tRNAs...
419
Allosteric Regulation01:08

Allosteric Regulation

63.8K
Allosteric regulation of enzymes occurs when the binding of an effector molecule to a site that is different from the active site causes a change in the enzymatic activity. This alternate site is called an allosteric site, and an enzyme can contain more than one of these sites. Allosteric regulation can either be positive or negative, resulting in an increase or decrease in enzyme activity. Most enzymes that display allosteric regulation are metabolic enzymes involved in the degradation or...
63.8K
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

1.5K
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
1.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Hook stiffness as a mechanical switch for torque regulation in the bacterial flagellar motor.

Biophysical journal·2026
Same author

Kinetic model of E-P condensates dynamics reveals transcriptional speed, noise, and energy trade-offs.

Biophysical journal·2026
Same author

Parameter sensitivity and critical transition anticipation in bistable toxin-antitoxin dynamics.

Computers in biology and medicine·2026
Same author

Phosphoglycerate Kinase Can Adopt Topologically Misfolded Forms That Are More Stable Than Its Native State.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

A widespread protein misfolding mechanism is differentially rescued in vitro by chaperones based on gene essentiality.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

HYPK promotes N-terminal protein acetylation through rapid ribosome exchange of NatA.

Molecular cell·2025
Same journal

From Cation Solvation to Anion Coordination: Lewis-Acidic Boranes Enable Halide Salt Electrolytes.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
Same journal

In Vitro-Prepared A30P Alpha-Synuclein Fibrils Adopt the Conserved and Disease-Relevant Greek Key Fold.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
Same journal

Metastructure Analysis of Self-Assembled Nanocubes with Different Equatorial Methyl Groups Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
Same journal

A Cocoordinated <sup>1</sup>H Internal Reference Quantifies Proton-Exchange Bias in Coordinated-Water Diffusion.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
Same journal

Unveiling Electrolyte-Dependent Coordination Site Dynamics for Redox Mediator Design in Lithium-O<sub>2</sub> Batteries: Exchange vs Rearrangement.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
Same journal

The Role of Functional Groups in Substituted Benzoic Acids Used as Dopants in Liquid Crystal Mixtures on the Nematic-Isotropic Transitions.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Assessment of de novo Protein Synthesis Rates in Caenorhabditis elegans
06:27

Assessment of de novo Protein Synthesis Rates in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: September 12, 2020

5.7K

Increasing Protein Production Rates Can Decrease the Rate at Which Functional Protein Is Produced and Their

Ajeet K Sharma1, Edward P O'Brien1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
|June 27, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Altering protein synthesis rates can unexpectedly change functional protein production. Our model explains this by balancing total protein output against cotranslational folding efficiency.

More Related Videos

Measuring Protein Stability in Living Zebrafish Embryos Using Fluorescence Decay After Photoconversion FDAP
09:45

Measuring Protein Stability in Living Zebrafish Embryos Using Fluorescence Decay After Photoconversion FDAP

Published on: January 28, 2015

11.8K
Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology
06:24

Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology

Published on: December 15, 2017

10.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Assessment of de novo Protein Synthesis Rates in Caenorhabditis elegans
06:27

Assessment of de novo Protein Synthesis Rates in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: September 12, 2020

5.7K
Measuring Protein Stability in Living Zebrafish Embryos Using Fluorescence Decay After Photoconversion FDAP
09:45

Measuring Protein Stability in Living Zebrafish Embryos Using Fluorescence Decay After Photoconversion FDAP

Published on: January 28, 2015

11.8K
Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology
06:24

Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology

Published on: December 15, 2017

10.8K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Ribosome production rates of soluble, functional proteins vary unexpectedly with translation-associated rate changes.
  • Synonymous codon substitutions can alter translation rates, impacting protein production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between translation rates and functional protein production.
  • To explore how altering translation initiation, elongation, and termination affects protein production rates (J) and functional nascent protein production rates (F).

Main Methods:

  • Combined a ribosome-traffic model with a master-equation model of cotranslational domain folding.
  • Analyzed five different E. coli proteins to model protein production scenarios.

Main Results:

  • While total protein production rate (J) monotonically increases with translation rates, functional protein production rate (F) can increase or decrease.
  • Nonmonotonic behavior in F arises from opposing trends: increased translation yields more total protein but less cotranslationally folded protein.
  • Nonmonotonic changes in F can lead to nonmonotonic variations in post-translational functional protein levels.

Conclusions:

  • Provides a potential explanation for experimental observations where enzyme activity decreased with increased synthesis rates.
  • The model can be used to rationally design transcripts for maximizing functional nascent protein production by optimizing translation rates.