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Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Isolation and Chemical Characterization of Lipid A from Gram-negative Bacteria
Published on: September 16, 2013
Unusual Lipid A from a Cold-Adapted Bacterium: Detailed Structural Characterization
Angela Casillo1, Marcello Ziaco1, Buko Lindner2
1Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy.
Abstract:
Colwellia psychrerythraea 34H is a Gram-negative cold-adapted microorganism that adopts many strategies to cope with the limitations associated with the low temperatures of its habitat. In this study, we report the complete characterization of the lipid A moiety from the lipopolysaccharide of Colwellia. Lipid A and its partially deacylated derivative were completely characterized by high-resolution mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, and chemical analysis. An unusual structure with a 3-hydroxy unsaturated tetradecenoic acid as a component of the primary acylation pattern was identified. In addition, the presence of a partially acylated phosphoglycerol moiety on the secondary acylation site at the 3-position of the reducing 2-amino-2-deoxyglucopyranose unit caused tremendous natural heterogeneity in the structure of lipid A. Biological-activity assays indicated that C. psychrerythraea 34H lipid A did not show an agonistic or antagonistic effect upon testing in human macrophages.
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