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Obesity and metabolic stone disease
Daniel A Wollin1, Andreas Skolarikos, Glenn M Preminger
1aDivision of Urologic Surgery, Duke Comprehensive Kidney Stone Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA bDepartment of Urology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Current Opinion in Urology
|June 27, 2017
Summary
Obesity increases the risk of kidney stones (nephrolithiasis) through complex mechanisms. Prompt metabolic workup and targeted therapies are recommended for obese patients, though treatment response may be reduced.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Metabolic Disorders
- Urology
Background:
- Obesity is a growing global health concern.
- Obesity and metabolic syndrome are linked to an increased risk of nephrolithiasis.
- Understanding these associations is crucial for patient management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current data on the relationship between obesity and nephrolithiasis.
- To discuss the complex mechanisms underlying this association.
- To guide the workup and treatment of kidney stones in obese patients.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies investigating obesity and nephrolithiasis.
- Discussion of the multifactorial influences of obesity on stone disease.
- Synthesis of data on diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Main Results:
- Obesity and metabolic syndrome significantly contribute to stone formation through various physiological responses.
- Metabolic workup is recommended to identify specific causes of stone formation in obese individuals.
- Dietary and medical therapies show efficacy but may have a blunted response in obese compared to nonobese patients.
Conclusions:
- Urologists must be knowledgeable about the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of metabolic stone disease in the growing population of overweight and obese patients.
- This review outlines key considerations for addressing kidney stones in this demographic.
- Early and accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment are essential.
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