Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Secondary Messengers in Hormone Action01:26

Secondary Messengers in Hormone Action

5.7K
Water-soluble hormones cannot cross the plasma membrane, so they rely on protein receptors that span the membrane to trigger intracellular signaling pathways. These pathways then activate second messengers inside the cell, including cAMP or calcium ions.
Many hormones bind to transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors that connect to regulatory G proteins. These G proteins can then activate enzymes such as adenylyl cyclase or phospholipase C. Adenylyl cyclase converts ATP to cAMP, activating...
5.7K
Chemical Signaling in the Endocrine System01:08

Chemical Signaling in the Endocrine System

7.5K
A signaling cascade is a series of events that facilitates the transmission of information within or between cells, culminating in a targeted response in the recipient cell. As chemical messengers, hormones are pivotal in initiating and modulating these intricate signaling cascades based on their solubility.
Lipid-soluble hormones, such as steroid hormones, demonstrate an intracellular action. These hormones traverse cell membranes due to their lipid nature. Once inside the target cell, they...
7.5K
Cell-surface Signaling01:21

Cell-surface Signaling

56.5K
Hormones—or any molecule that binds to a receptor, known as a ligand—that are lipid-insoluble (water-soluble) are not able to diffuse across the cell membrane. In order to be able to affect a cell without entering it, these hormones bind to receptors on the cell membrane. When a first messenger, a hormone, binds to a receptor, a signal cascade is set off, causing second messengers, proteins inside the cell, to become activated, resulting in downstream effects.
56.5K
Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers01:15

Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers

9.0K
Many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic; they do not cross the cell membrane but bind to cell-surface receptors. Thus, their message must be relayed by second messengers present in the cell cytoplasm. There are several second messenger pathways, each with its own way of relaying information. For example, the G protein-coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol pathway is active when the receptor induces...
9.0K
Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade01:22

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

18.7K
When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze...
18.7K
Endocrine Signaling01:45

Endocrine Signaling

68.6K
Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.
68.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Genetics of endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer: A systematic review.

Journal of gynecology obstetrics and human reproduction·2026
Same author

Noninvasive Blood-based Detection of Endometriosis Can Improve Standard-of-Care by Facilitating Early Diagnosis and Clinical Management among Symptomatic Women.

Journal of minimally invasive gynecology·2026
Same author

Clinical outcome of treatment intensification in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with suboptimal glycemic control on two oral antidiabetic agents.

Journal of family medicine and primary care·2025
Same author

The Functional Role of Cumulus Cells and Their Influence on Oocyte Quality: A Systematic Review.

Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.)·2025
Same author

2-staged Reimplantation of an Amputated Pinna - Doing it the Old-Fashioned Way.

Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India·2025
Same author

Relugolix reduces leiomyoma extracellular matrix production via the transforming growth factor-beta pathway.

F&S science·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
06:18

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

13.0K

Progesterone-Mediated Non-Classical Signaling.

Deepika Garg1, Sinnie Sin Man Ng2, K Maravet Baig3

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, NY 11219, USA.

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM
|June 28, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Progesterone regulates pregnancy and the menstrual cycle through classical and non-classical pathways. Understanding non-classical progesterone signaling, including non-genomic actions, is key for novel therapeutic strategies.

Keywords:
mechanical signalingnon-classical signalingnon-genomic pathwaysprogesteroneprogesterone receptor

More Related Videos

Prostaglandin Extraction and Analysis in Caenorhabditis elegans
08:50

Prostaglandin Extraction and Analysis in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: June 25, 2013

20.1K
A Modified Co-Culture System for Understanding Granulosa-Theca Cell Interactions in the Bovine Ovary
07:03

A Modified Co-Culture System for Understanding Granulosa-Theca Cell Interactions in the Bovine Ovary

Published on: September 19, 2025

661

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 27, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
06:18

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

13.0K
Prostaglandin Extraction and Analysis in Caenorhabditis elegans
08:50

Prostaglandin Extraction and Analysis in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: June 25, 2013

20.1K
A Modified Co-Culture System for Understanding Granulosa-Theca Cell Interactions in the Bovine Ovary
07:03

A Modified Co-Culture System for Understanding Granulosa-Theca Cell Interactions in the Bovine Ovary

Published on: September 19, 2025

661

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Reproductive Science

Background:

  • Progesterone is crucial for pregnancy maintenance and menstrual cycle regulation.
  • Classical progesterone signaling involves nuclear receptors (PRs) and gene activation via progesterone response elements (PREs).
  • Emerging evidence points to non-classical, often non-genomic, progesterone signaling pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review non-classical progesterone signaling pathways.
  • To explore progesterone actions independent of or in conjunction with PR.
  • To highlight the therapeutic potential of understanding these pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on progesterone signaling.
  • Analysis of classical and non-classical progesterone pathways.
  • Integration of findings on progesterone and growth factor signaling.

Main Results:

  • Non-classical progesterone signaling pathways, including those independent of PR, are increasingly recognized.
  • Progesterone interacts with growth factor signaling to regulate cell growth, remodeling, and apoptosis.
  • Non-genomic signaling mechanisms mediate some non-classical progesterone actions.

Conclusions:

  • Non-classical progesterone signaling pathways play significant physiological roles.
  • Further research into these pathways offers insights into progesterone's diverse actions.
  • Understanding non-classical progesterone signaling may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for reproductive and other conditions.