Cardiovascular risk factors in Middle Eastern patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: Results from
Ayman J Hammoudeh1, Imad A Alhaddad2, Yousef Khader3
1Cardiology Department, Istishari Hospital, Amman, Jordan.
Insights
Cardiovascular risk factors are highly prevalent in Middle Eastern patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Over half of patients had multiple risk factors, with higher rates in women and middle-aged individuals.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in the Middle East.
- Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a common procedure for managing coronary artery disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence and coexistence of six cardiovascular risk factors (RFs) in patients undergoing PCI in the Middle East.
- To assess the impact of age and gender on the presence of multiple RFs in this population.
Main Methods:
- Prospective, multicenter study.
- Enrolled 2426 consecutive patients undergoing PCI.
- Collected data on hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, family history of premature CVD, and obesity.
Main Results:
- The prevalence of individual RFs was high: hypertension (62.3%), diabetes (53.8%), hypercholesterolemia (48.8%), smoking (43.5%), family history (39.4%), and obesity (28.8%).
- Only 3.8% of patients had no RFs; 57.4% had at least 3 RFs, and 29.5% had at least 4 RFs.
- Multiple RFs were more common in women (69.0%) than men (54.5%) and in middle-aged patients (41-65 years) compared to younger or older groups.
Conclusions:
- Cardiovascular RFs are highly prevalent in Middle Eastern patients undergoing PCI.
- A significant majority of patients possess multiple risk factors, underscoring the complex risk profiles.
- Women and middle-aged individuals exhibit a higher burden of multiple cardiovascular RFs, indicating specific demographic groups requiring targeted interventions.
Abstract:
Background and aims: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the Middle East. We sought to study the prevalence and coexistence of 6 cardiovascular risk factors (RFs) among patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and to evaluate the impact of age and gender on the presence of multiple RFs.
Methods And Results:
In this prospective, multicenter study, 2426 consecutive patients were enrolled. Mean age was 59.0 ± 10.1 years and 500 (20.6%) were women. Acute coronary syndrome and stable coronary disease were the indications for PCI in 77.1% and 22.9%, respectively. Hypertension was present in 62.3%, diabetes in 53.8%, hypercholesterolemia in 48.8%, smoking in 43.5%, family history of premature CVD 39.4% and obesity in 28.8%. Only 3.8% did not have any of these RFs. Presence of ⩾3 and ⩾4 RFS was observed in 57.4% and 29.5% of patients, respectively. Presence of ⩾3 RFs was more common in women than men (69.0% vs. 54.5%, p < 0.0001), and among patients 41-65 years of age than older or younger patients (60.1% vs. 52.0% vs. 48.3%, respectively, p = 0.017). Conclusions: Cardiovascular RFs are highly prevalent in this PCI Middle Eastern population undergoing PCI. More than half and more than one-fourth of the patients had at least 3 or 4 RFs; respectively. More women than men and more middle aged patients than older or younger patients had significantly higher rates of presence of multiple RFs.
Related Concept Videos
01:26Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures
01:30Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies
01:30Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction
01:30Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction
01:27Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care
01:21Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation