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Related Concept Videos

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers01:24

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

59
Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated01:30

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated

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Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also...
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Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems01:11

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems

69
Delayed-release drug delivery systems are specialized pharmaceutical formulations designed to postpone the release of active compounds until the drug reaches a specific region of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, typically the intestine. These systems are essential for drugs that may cause gastric irritation, are unstable in acidic environments, or need to exert therapeutic effects locally in the intestinal or colonic regions.The core feature of delayed-release systems is the use of enteric...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted01:24

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

51
Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
51
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification01:23

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification

93
Modified-release drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects by controlling the rate and location of drug release. These systems fall into three categories: rate-programmed, stimuli-activated, and site-targeted.Rate-programmed systems release drugs at a predetermined rate, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and reducing fluctuations that could lead to toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. These systems use polymeric matrices, reservoir-based designs, or osmotic...
93

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Synthesis of Stimuli-responsive Nanogels using Aqueous One-step Crosslinking and Co-nanopolymerization
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Controlled-release nanoencapsulating microcapsules to combat inflammatory diseases.

Jong-Suep Baek1, Eng Wan Yeo1, Yin Hao Lee2

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.

Drug Design, Development and Therapy
|June 28, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This study developed polymeric microcapsules for controlled, sustained release of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The system achieved high encapsulation and up to 30-day release, offering a promising approach for managing inflammatory diseases.

Keywords:
NSAIDsdiffusionemulsionfloating oral drug deliveryinjectable systemmulti-drug encapsulationoral delivery systemssequential releasesustained release

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Millions suffer from chronic inflammatory diseases, necessitating improved drug delivery for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
  • NSAIDs have short half-lives and cause gastrointestinal issues, requiring controlled and sustained release formulations.
  • Polymeric nanoparticles show potential for drug encapsulation, but their application in sustained NSAID delivery is underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate and characterize polymeric nanoencapsulating microcapsules for sustained NSAID delivery.
  • To evaluate the encapsulation efficiency and release kinetics of multiple NSAIDs from the microcapsules.
  • To assess the potential of a co-loaded floating drug delivery system for sequential drug release and reduced gastrointestinal side effects.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of polymeric nanoencapsulating microcapsules using a solid/water/oil/water emulsion solvent evaporation method.
  • Pre-loading of ibuprofen and naproxen into nanoparticles, followed by encapsulation into hollow microcapsules containing celecoxib.
  • Co-loading of cimetidine (CIM) and evaluation of the system's buoyancy and drug release profiles in simulated gastric fluid.

Main Results:

  • High encapsulation efficiency achieved for all loaded NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen, celecoxib).
  • Sustained release of NSAIDs observed for up to 30 days in phosphate-buffered saline.
  • The floating delivery system demonstrated excellent buoyancy and sequential release of CIM followed by NSAIDs.

Conclusions:

  • The developed polymeric microcapsules provide a promising platform for controlled and sustained delivery of NSAIDs.
  • This system offers potential for managing inflammatory diseases while mitigating gastrointestinal side effects associated with NSAID overuse.
  • The sequential release mechanism and buoyancy are key features for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.