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Prospective thinking and decision making in primary school age children
Elisabetta Lombardi1, Cinzia Di Dio1, Ilaria Castelli2
1Department of Psychology, Research Unit on Theory of Mind, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.
Heliyon
|June 28, 2017
Summary
Children
Area of Science:
- Developmental Psychology
- Behavioral Economics
- Cognitive Neuroscience
Background:
- Bargaining behavior in children is complex.
- Prospective thinking, or considering future outcomes, is key to strategic decision-making.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the developmental link between prospective thinking and strategic bargaining in children.
- To determine if delaying gratification and altruism are related to strategic decision-making.
Main Methods:
- Compared 6, 8, and 10-year-old children on the ultimatum game, marshmallow task, and dictator game.
- Assessed fairness/inequality aversion, intertemporal choice, and altruism.
- Evaluated socio-demographic and cognitive variables.
Main Results:
- Strategic thinking in the ultimatum game correlated with the ability to delay gratification.
- This strategic development was not linked to altruism.
- Age-related improvements in strategic planning are associated with enhanced prospective thinking.
Conclusions:
- Prospective thinking is a critical precursor to strategic decision-making in children.
- The development of strategic bargaining skills is tied to improved intertemporal choice abilities.
- Future research should explore the cognitive underpinnings of strategic behavior development.
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