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Related Concept Videos

Arteries of the Upper Limbs01:12

Arteries of the Upper Limbs

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The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
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Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
The Cervical Plexus
The cervical plexus, formed by the anterior rami of the first four...
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Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Veins of Upper Limbs01:17

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The human circulatory system, a marvel of biological engineering, is a complex network of vessels that transport blood throughout the body. Among these, the veins responsible for carrying blood from the upper limbs are divided into two categories: deep and superficial.
The deep venous system is primarily composed of the ulnar and radial veins. The ulnar vein, which drains the fingers through the superficial palmar venous arches, and the radial vein, which serves the palms via the deep palmar...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

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The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Nerve Ultrasound Protocol to Detect Dysimmune Neuropathies
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[Cervical pain radiating to the upper limb].

I Bold1, A Devriendt2, E Maillart3

  • 1Service de Pneumologie, C.H.U. Brugmann, ULB.

Revue Medicale De Bruxelles
|June 28, 2017
PubMed
Summary

A previously healthy man with a history of sarcoidosis developed tuberculous osteo-arthritis. This condition presented as cervical pain and bone lesions, confirmed by imaging and mycobacterial analysis.

Keywords:
Cervical osteoarthritisMagnetic resonance imagingTuberculosis

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease that can affect multiple organs.
  • Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection primarily affecting the lungs but can spread to bones.
  • Distinguishing between sarcoidosis and tuberculosis in patients with similar symptoms is crucial.

Observation:

  • A 31-year-old HIV-negative male with a history of articular and pulmonary sarcoidosis presented with cervical pain radiating to the upper limb.
  • Cervical imaging revealed paravertebral collections and lytic bone lesions.
  • The patient was not on immunosuppressive therapy.

Findings:

  • A diagnosis of tuberculous osteo-arthritis was established.
  • Diagnosis was based on characteristic imaging findings and positive mycobacterial data.
  • This indicates a rare presentation of tuberculosis mimicking or co-existing with sarcoidosis.

Implications:

  • Highlights the importance of considering tuberculosis in patients with a history of sarcoidosis presenting with bone lesions and pain.
  • Emphasizes the need for thorough mycobacterial investigation in such cases.
  • Suggests potential challenges in differentiating between inflammatory and infectious bone pathologies.