Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Dissolution: Requirements and Profile Comparison01:14

Drug Dissolution: Requirements and Profile Comparison

340
The acceptance criteria for dissolution profile data are anchored in Q values, representing the percentage of drug dissolved within a specified period. This assessment unfolds in three stages:First Stage: The test passes if all six drug dosage units are equal to or greater than Q plus 5%; otherwise, the sample proceeds to the second stage.Second Stage: The average of twelve units must be equal to or greater than Q, with no unit falling below Q - 15% to pass; if not, it progresses to the final...
340
Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:27

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

209
Changes in polymorphic forms can significantly influence the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Although the FDA defines pharmaceutical equivalence based on having the same active ingredient, dosage form, and route of administration, it does not automatically disqualify products with different polymorphic forms. This means two products with different polymorphs can still be deemed pharmaceutically equivalent. However, polymorphic differences can affect properties like wettability,...
209
Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

10.9K
Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
10.9K
Bioavailability Study Design: Absolute Versus Relative Bioavailability01:27

Bioavailability Study Design: Absolute Versus Relative Bioavailability

459
Bioavailability is a crucial pharmacokinetic parameter that quantifies the proportion of an administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation and is available for therapeutic action. Regulatory agencies mandate the assessment of bioavailability, typically measured as the area under the drug plasma concentration-versus-time curve (AUC), to ensure the efficacy and safety of pharmaceutical products. These evaluations are categorized as absolute and relative bioavailability studies.Absolute...
459
Quartile01:15

Quartile

9.9K
Quartiles are numbers that separate the data into quarters. Quartiles may or may not be part of the data. To find the quartiles, first, find the median or second quartile. The first quartile, Q1, is the middle value of the lower half of the data, and the third quartile, Q3, is the middle value, or median, of the upper half of the data. To get the idea, consider the same data set:
1; 1; 2; 2; 4; 6; 6.8; 7.2; 8; 8.3; 9; 10; 10; 11.5
The median or second quartile is seven. The lower half of the...
9.9K
Drug Product Performance: In Vitro–In Vivo Correlation01:20

Drug Product Performance: In Vitro–In Vivo Correlation

326
In pharmaceutical development, it's crucial to establish a predictive in vitro–in vivo correlation (IVIVC) for two or more formulations to gain a comprehensive understanding of release properties. IVIVC reduces the need for costly in vivo studies and facilitates the establishment of meaningful dissolution specifications with significant cost savings and decreased regulatory burden. Furthermore, a meaningful IVIVC should predict Cmax and AUC within 20%, aligning with FDA guidance while...
326

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Assessing antifungal stewardship competency among pharmacy students: key findings and implications for clinical practice.

Frontiers in public health·2026
Same author

Willingness, Self-Perceived Barriers, and Practices of Pharmacists Toward Extended Pharmacy Services for Health Promotion: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Karachi, Pakistan.

Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Fostering climate resilience in healthcare: the role of pharmacy students in understanding and addressing climate change in Karachi, Pakistan.

BMC public health·2026
Same author

Development, validation and psychometric evaluation of the Plagiarism and Research Ethics Questionnaire (PRE-Q) among pharmacy students in Karachi, Pakistan.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

To prescribe or not to prescribe in the elderly: a qualitative exploration of prescribing dilemmas among Pakistani healthcare providers.

BMJ open·2025
Same author

Trustworthiness of Web-Based Pharmacy Apps in Pakistan Based on the Mobile App Rating Scale: Content Analysis and Quality Evaluation.

JMIR mHealth and uHealth·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Chinese Herbal Retention Enema for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis
06:19

Chinese Herbal Retention Enema for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis

Published on: May 16, 2025

1.8K

An interquartile relationship between polyherbal extract based lozenges linkus a phase IV comparative randomised

Hina Rehman1, Syed Adnan Ali2, Safila Naveed1

  • 1Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah Women University, Karachi, Pakistan.

Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
|June 29, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Polyherbal Linkus Syrup effectively reduced cough frequency in children, significantly improving sleep for both children and parents. This herbal option demonstrated fewer side effects compared to pharmaceutical treatments like Acefyllin Piperazine and Aminophylline Diphenhydramine.

More Related Videos

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition
04:53

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition

Published on: September 20, 2019

11.4K
Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Managing Allergic Rhinitis
03:40

Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Managing Allergic Rhinitis

Published on: December 20, 2024

1.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Chinese Herbal Retention Enema for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis
06:19

Chinese Herbal Retention Enema for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis

Published on: May 16, 2025

1.8K
A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition
04:53

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition

Published on: September 20, 2019

11.4K
Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Managing Allergic Rhinitis
03:40

Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Managing Allergic Rhinitis

Published on: December 20, 2024

1.6K

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Pharmacology
  • Herbal Medicine

Background:

  • Cough is a common ailment in children, often impacting sleep quality for both the child and their family.
  • Existing pharmaceutical treatments for cough can have undesirable side effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of a polyherbal syrup (Linkus) in managing cough in children.
  • To compare the effectiveness and side effect profile of Linkus Syrup against pharmaceutical syrups containing Acefyllin Piperazine and Aminophylline Diphenhydramine.

Main Methods:

  • An open-label, multi-centric, randomized controlled trial was conducted in Karachi, Pakistan.
  • 147 children diagnosed with cough were enrolled and divided into three groups receiving Linkus Syrup, Acefyllin Piperazine, or Aminophylline Diphenhydramine.
  • Efficacy was assessed based on cough frequency, with impacts on child and parent sleep also evaluated.

Main Results:

  • Polyherbal Linkus Syrup significantly reduced cough frequency (p < 0.01).
  • Linkus Syrup demonstrated a significant positive impact on the sleep of both children and parents (p < 0.01).
  • The herbal syrup exhibited minimal side effects compared to the pharmaceutical interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Polyherbal Linkus Syrup is an effective treatment for pediatric cough, offering significant benefits for cough frequency and sleep quality.
  • Linkus Syrup presents a favorable safety profile with fewer adverse effects than conventional pharmaceutical cough syrups.