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Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance
Published on: February 27, 2017
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A PbI2-xClx seed layer for obtaining efficient planar-heterojunction perovskite solar cells via an interdiffusion
Yohan Ko1, Woo Yeol Choi, Yong Ju Yun
1Dept. of Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdongro Gwangjingu, Seoul, Republic of Korea. yjun@konkuk.ac.kr.
Nanoscale
|June 29, 2017
Summary
Controlling lead iodide (PbI2) content in perovskite solar cells using a seed layer with varying lead chloride (PbCl2) ratios enhances device performance. This method optimizes PbI2 positioning and reduces hysteresis, boosting power conversion efficiencies.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Renewable Energy
- Solid-State Chemistry
Background:
- Sequential deposition is common for fabricating perovskite solar cells.
- The role of PbI2 and PbCl2 ratios in seed layers for CH3NH3PbI3-xClx perovskite films remains unclear.
- Understanding PbI2 formation and positioning is crucial for optimizing perovskite solar cell performance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effect of PbCl2 content in a PbI2-xClx seed layer on PbI2 formation and positioning in perovskite films.
- To correlate chlorine and PbI2 content with the performance of perovskite solar cells.
- To analyze the impact of annealing-induced elemental gradients on device characteristics.
Main Methods:
- Fabrication of perovskite absorber layers using PbI2-xClx seed layers with varying PbCl2 ratios.
- Integration of perovskite absorbers into planar-heterojunction solar cells.
- Characterization using intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS) and intensity-modulated photovoltage spectroscopy (IMVS).
- Elemental depth profiling analysis.
Main Results:
- The addition of PbCl2 to the seed layer facilitated PbI2 generation and influenced perovskite film morphology.
- Elemental depth profiling confirmed preferential positioning of formed PbI2 near the metal-oxide layer and chlorine adsorption at the TiO2 layer.
- The geometric features of formed PbI2, influenced by chlorine content and annealing, impacted solar cell performance.
- Perovskite solar cells achieved maximum power conversion efficiencies of 17.56% (reverse scan) and 17.21% (forward scan).
Conclusions:
- Controlling PbI2 content via PbCl2-rich seed layers is an effective strategy for fabricating high-performance perovskite solar cells.
- The study elucidates the critical role of PbI2 positioning and chlorine distribution in device performance.
- The developed method offers a pathway to suppressed current density-voltage hysteresis and improved performance distribution in perovskite solar cells.
