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4,4'-Dimethylaminorex ("4,4'-DMAR"; "Serotoni") misuse: A Web-based study.

Barbara Loi1, Mire Zloh1, Maria Antonietta De Luca2

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Summary

Online forums provide valuable insights into the use of 4,4'-DMAR (4,4'-dimethylaminorex), a potent stimulant linked to fatalities. This netnographic study analyzes user data on effects, administration, and harm reduction for this novel psychoactive substance.

Keywords:
4,4′-DMARaminorex derivativesnovel psychoactive substancesonline forapsychonautsstimulants

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Toxicology
  • Digital Ethnography

Background:

  • 4,4 -DMAR (4,4 -dimethylaminorex), also known as "Serotoni," is a potent stimulant.
  • This substance has been recently linked to multiple fatalities across Europe.
  • Online communities are increasingly important for information dissemination regarding novel psychoactive substances (NPS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze information shared in online forums regarding 4,4 -DMAR use.
  • To critically review existing evidence-based literature on 4,4 -DMAR.
  • To understand the clinical and psychopharmacological aspects of NPS through social media monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Identification and analysis of data from various drug-related website forums.
  • Critical review of existing scientific literature on 4,4 -DMAR.
  • Qualitative data analysis of user-generated content from identified online fora (netnography).

Main Results:

  • Six website fora were identified, yielding qualitative data on themes such as administration routes, dosage, effects, and adverse events.
  • Collected data also covered drug comparisons, co-administration with other substances, self-administered antidotes, and harm-reduction advice.
  • Recurring themes included desired effects, adverse effects, and user-reported harm-reduction strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Netnography, despite methodological limitations, can offer valuable insights into NPS like 4,4 -DMAR.
  • This approach aids in understanding clinical and psychopharmacological issues where scientific data is scarce.
  • Online monitoring provides a supplementary method for studying novel psychoactive substances.