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Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
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Atomic Layer Deposition of Vanadium Dioxide and a Temperature-dependent Optical Model
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Solid Phase Speciation and Solubility of Vanadium in Highly Weathered Soils.

Worachart Wisawapipat1,2, Ruben Kretzschmar2

  • 1Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University , Bangkok 10900, Thailand.

Environmental Science & Technology
|June 29, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Vanadium (V) speciation in tropical soils is dominated by V4+/5+ coordinated within kaolinite and Fe oxides. These minerals effectively sequester V, limiting its mobility and bioavailability in the environment.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Geochemistry
  • Soil Science

Background:

  • Vanadium (V) is an essential trace element and a potential environmental toxicant.
  • Limited knowledge exists regarding V speciation in soils, particularly in highly weathered tropical soils.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the chemical speciation and extractability of V in highly weathered tropical soils.
  • To understand the mechanisms of V sequestration in these soils.

Main Methods:

  • Vanadium K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy on soil samples and reference compounds.
  • Linear combination fitting of XANES spectra.
  • Sequential and single chemical extractions to determine V solubility.

Main Results:

  • Predominance of V4+/5+ in octahedral or tetrahedral coordination, primarily associated with kaolinite and Fe oxides.
  • XANES spectra best fitted with V4+ in kaolinite, V5+ adsorbed to kaolinite, and V5+-sorbed solids.
  • Labile V fractions (weakly and strongly adsorbed V5+) represent only ~2% of total soil V, indicating low mobility and bioavailability.

Conclusions:

  • Kaolinite and Fe oxides effectively sequester V in highly weathered tropical soils through adsorption and structural incorporation.
  • These sequestration mechanisms are crucial for understanding V behavior in acidic, oxic, Fe-oxide-rich environments.