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Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Echocardiographic Assessment Using Subxiphoid-Only Examination for Hypotensive Patients
Published on: April 18, 2025
The relationship between fragmented QRS and non-dipper status in hypertensive patients without left ventricular
Zulkif Tanriverdi1, Mehmet Eyuboglu2, Tugba Bingol Tanriverdi3
1a Clinic of Cardiology , Balikligol State Hospital , Sanliurfa , Turkey.
Background:
Fragmented QRS (fQRS) has been shown to be associated with poor outcome in various cardiovascular diseases. Non-dipper hypertension is also associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. The aim of our study is to investigate the relationship between fQRS and non-dipper status in hypertensive patients without left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH).
Methods:
This study included 106 hypertensive patients without LVH. Patients were divided into two groups: dipper hypertension and non-dipper hypertension. The presence of fQRS was analyzed from surface electrocardiography.
Results:
Frequency of fQRS (56% vs. 19.6%, p < 0.001) and mean number of leads with fQRS (1.9 ± 1.7 vs. 0.6 ± 1.0, p < 0.001) were significantly higher in patients with non-dipper hypertension compared to dipper hypertension. In addition, the number of leads with fQRS was positively correlated with systolic (r = 0.334, p < 0.001) and diastolic (r = 0.280, p = 0.004) blood pressures (BP). By a multivariate regression analysis, fQRS (OR: 5.207, 95% CI: 2.195-12.353, p < 0.001) was found to be independent predictor of non-dipper status.
Conclusion:
fQRS is independent predictor of non-dipper status in hypertensive patients without LVH. Also, the higher number of leads with fQRS is associated with higher sleep systolic and diastolic BPs.
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