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Endothelial dysfunction in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Antonella Márcia Mercadante de Albuquerque do Nascimento1,2,3, Inês Jorge Sequeira4, Daniel França Vasconcelos2

  • 1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, Brasil.

Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism
|June 29, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Children with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) show impaired endothelial function, particularly with longer disease duration. This dysfunction, linked to hyperglycemia, may precede structural atherosclerotic changes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric endocrinology
  • Cardiovascular research
  • Diabetes mellitus complications

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic condition requiring lifelong management.
  • Early detection of cardiovascular risk factors in children with T1DM is crucial.
  • Endothelial dysfunction is an early marker of atherosclerosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate endothelial dysfunction in children with T1DM.
  • To assess early structural atherosclerotic changes in pediatric T1DM.
  • To correlate these findings with disease duration and glycemic control.

Main Methods:

  • Study included 31 children with T1DM (aged 6-12) and 58 healthy controls.
  • T1DM group divided by disease duration (<5 years vs. >5 years).
  • Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of brachial artery and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) measured via ultrasonography.

Main Results:

  • Significantly reduced FMD in T1DM children with longer disease duration compared to controls.
  • No significant differences in IMT between T1DM and control groups.
  • FMD showed a negative correlation with HbA1c and fasting glucose levels.

Conclusions:

  • Endothelial dysfunction is present in children with T1DM, especially after 5 years of diagnosis.
  • This dysfunction may occur before structural atherosclerotic changes are evident.
  • Hyperglycemia is associated with impaired vasodilation in pediatric T1DM.
Abstract

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