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Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Sclerosing Mediastinitis Presenting as Complete Heart Block.

Reena Bharadwaj1, Manoj Gopal Madakshira2, Prashant Bharadwaj3

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Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research : JCDR
|June 30, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sclerosing mediastinitis (SM) is a rare fibrotic condition. This case highlights a rare instance of SM involving the heart, caused by mucormycosis in an immunocompetent individual.

Keywords:
ImmunocompetentMediastinal cavityMucormycosis

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Sclerosing mediastinitis (SM) is a rare condition characterized by excessive fibrosis in the mediastinum.
  • It can compress vital structures, leading to symptoms like dysphagia, dyspnea, or superior vena cava syndrome.
  • Cardiac involvement in SM is exceptionally uncommon.

Observation:

  • This report details a unique case of SM.
  • The condition affected the esophagus, descending aorta, lung hilum, and notably, the heart.
  • The etiology was identified as mucormycosis in an immunocompetent male patient.

Findings:

  • Mucormycosis, a fungal infection, can lead to sclerosing mediastinitis.
  • This case demonstrates that even immunocompetent individuals can develop severe SM secondary to fungal infections.
  • The extensive fibrosis impacted multiple mediastinal organs, including cardiac structures.

Implications:

  • Highlights the potential for mucormycosis to cause rare complications like cardiac sclerosing mediastinitis.
  • Emphasizes the importance of considering fungal infections in the differential diagnosis of SM, irrespective of immune status.
  • Underscores the need for further research into the mechanisms and management of non-infectious etiologies of SM.