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Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD
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ADHD Medication and Substance-Related Problems.

Patrick D Quinn1, Zheng Chang1, Kwan Hur1

  • 1From the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington; the Center for Health Statistics and the Departments of Medicine and of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago; the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; and the School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.

The American Journal of Psychiatry
|June 30, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Medication for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is linked to reduced substance-related events in both males and females. This ADHD treatment may also lower long-term risks for substance use disorders, particularly in men.

Keywords:
Alcohol AbuseAttention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderCNS StimulantsEpidemiologyPsychoactive Substance Use Disorder

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Pharmacology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Substance use disorders (SUDs) are a significant cause of mortality in individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
  • The relationship between pharmacological treatments for ADHD and the risk of SUDs is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the concurrent and long-term associations between ADHD medication treatment and substance-related events.
  • To analyze the impact of stimulant medication and atomoxetine on SUD risk in ADHD patients.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of commercial health care claims data from 2,993,887 adolescent and adult ADHD patients (2005-2014).
  • Within-individual analyses comparing substance-related event risk during periods of ADHD medication use versus non-use.
  • Substance-related events defined as emergency department visits for SUDs.

Main Results:

  • ADHD medication was associated with significantly lower odds of concurrent substance-related events in both males (35% reduction) and females (31% reduction).
  • Medication use was linked to lower long-term odds of substance-related events up to 2 years post-treatment, with greater effects observed in males (19% reduction) compared to females (14% reduction).
  • Sensitivity analyses generally supported these findings, though long-term associations in women showed less consistency.

Conclusions:

  • ADHD medication is unlikely to increase the risk of substance-related problems in adolescents and adults.
  • Treatment with ADHD medication is associated with a reduced concurrent risk of substance-related events.
  • ADHD medication may also confer a lower long-term risk of future substance-related events, particularly in males.