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Related Concept Videos

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Counting is the type of measurement that is free from uncertainty, provided the number of objects being counted does not change during the process. Such measurements result in exact numbers. By counting the eggs in a carton, for instance, one can determine exactly how many eggs are there in the carton. Similarly, the numbers of defined quantities are also exact. For example, 1 foot is exactly 12 inches, 1 inch is exactly 2.54 centimeters, and 1 gram is exactly 0.001 kilograms. Quantities...
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Scientists typically make repeated measurements of a quantity to ensure the quality of their findings and to evaluate both the precision and the accuracy of their results. Measurements are said to be precise if they yield very similar results when repeated in the same manner. A measurement is considered accurate if it yields a result that is very close to the true or the accepted value. Precise values agree with each other; accurate values agree with a true value. 
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Measuring the Complete-arch Distortion of an Optical Dental Impression
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Inter-arch digital model vs. manual cast measurements: Accuracy and reliability.

Heikki Kiviahde1, Lea Bukovac2, Päivi Jussila1

  • 1a Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland.

Cranio : the Journal of Craniomandibular Practice
|June 30, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Digital dental models offer accurate and reliable inter-arch measurements, surpassing traditional dental casts. This study confirms their superiority for precise dental assessments.

Keywords:
3D modelsOrthodonticsdigital measurementinter-arch measurements

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Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Digital Imaging
  • Orthodontics

Background:

  • Accurate inter-arch measurements are crucial for diagnosing and treating dental malocclusions.
  • Traditional methods using dental casts can be time-consuming and prone to inaccuracies.
  • Digital dental models offer a potential alternative for improved measurement precision.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the accuracy and reliability of inter-arch measurements obtained from digital dental models versus conventional dental casts.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty sets of dental casts were analyzed.
  • Manual measurements were performed on casts using a digital caliper.
  • Digital measurements were obtained from 3D models by two independent examiners.
  • Statistical analysis included Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC), t-tests/Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, and Bland-Altman plots.

Main Results:

  • Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) indicated good reliability for manual measurements and excellent reliability for digital measurements.
  • Bland-Altman plots demonstrated good agreement between manual and digital measurement methods.
  • Excellent inter-examiner agreement was achieved using the digital measurement method.

Conclusions:

  • Digital dental models provide accurate and reliable inter-arch occlusal measurements.
  • Digital measurement techniques are superior to traditional manual measurements on dental casts.