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Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder01:29

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The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
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Psychotherapy is a versatile, nonmedical approach aimed at helping individuals address emotional, behavioral, and interpersonal issues to enhance their overall well-being. It can involve one-on-one sessions, couples counseling, or small group discussions with a therapist. The therapeutic process includes various techniques such as open discussion, interpretation of thoughts and behaviors, active listening, positive reinforcement, and role modeling. Psychotherapy aims to support individuals in...
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Summary
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The disease model leads to over-prescription of psychotropic medication for psychological symptoms. A person-centred approach, focusing on the patient

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Area of Science:

  • General Practice
  • Psychiatry
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Current assessment of psychological symptoms mirrors the disease model used for physical ailments.
  • This has resulted in a predominantly medical, rather than holistic, approach to psychological distress.
  • The over-reliance on medication for psychological symptoms is a significant concern in primary care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a person-centred approach as an alternative to the disease-centred model for psychological symptoms in general practice.
  • To highlight the benefits of integrating patient context, empathy, and therapeutic alliance in managing psychological distress.
  • To explore the suitability of a person-centred model for primary care-based mental health interventions.

Main Methods:

  • The study reviews the limitations of the disease-centred model in addressing psychological symptoms.
  • It outlines the core components of a person-centred approach, including empathy, therapeutic alliance, and shared decision-making.
  • The potential application of this model within general practice and by mental health practice nurses is discussed.

Main Results:

  • A person-centred approach retains the strengths of the disease model while centering care on the patient and their context.
  • Key elements include empathy, a strong doctor-patient relationship, collaborative problem definition, and understanding patient expectations.
  • This model supports patient strengths and personal growth, offering an alternative to solely symptom reduction.

Conclusions:

  • Shifting from a disease-centred to a person-centred approach can mitigate the over-prescription of psychotropic medications.
  • This alternative model enhances the general practitioner's ability to address psychological symptoms holistically.
  • A person-centred framework is well-suited for primary care mental health services, promoting patient well-being and personal development.