Correlation of in vitro genotoxicity and oncogenicity induced by radiation and asbestos fibres

The in vitro cytotoxicity and oncogenic potential of both native and acid leached asbestos fibres were studied using the C3H 10T1/2 cell model. Both native and leached fibres induced a dose-dependent toxicity. At high fibre concentrations, acid leached fibres were significantly less toxic than their untreated counterparts. While asbestos fibres alone do not induce oncogenic transformation at the concentration examined, it was found that both leached and native fibres substantially enhanced the oncogenicity of gamma-irradiation in a more than additive fashion. Although no significant chromosomal aberrations or sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) were found in asbestos treated cultures, a significantly higher number of SCEs was observed in cells treated with both asbestos and radiation compared to cells receiving radiation alone. The results suggest that the enhancement in radiation induced oncogenicity by asbestos fibres may be attributed to the mere physical presence of the fibres rather than any chemical contaminants the fibres may contain. Furthermore, the carcinogenicity of asbestos may be unrelated to genotoxicity.