Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 27, 2026
A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes
Published on: December 8, 2014
Cumulative Effects of Concussion History on Baseline Computerized Neurocognitive Test Scores: Systematic Review and
Bara Alsalaheen1,2,3, Kayla Stockdale1, Dana Pechumer1
1Department of Physical Therapy, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, Michigan.
Context:
It is unclear whether individuals with a history of single or multiple clinically recovered concussions exhibit worse cognitive performance on baseline testing compared with individuals with no concussion history.
Objective:
To analyze the effects of concussion history on baseline neurocognitive performance using a computerized neurocognitive test.
Data Sources:
PubMed, CINAHL, and psycINFO were searched in November 2015. The search was supplemented by a hand search of references.
Study Selection:
Studies were included if participants completed the Immediate Post-concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) at baseline (ie, preseason) and if performance was stratified by previous history of single or multiple concussions.
Study Design:
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Level Of Evidence:
Level 2.
Data Extraction:
Sample size, demographic characteristics of participants, as well as performance of participants on verbal memory, visual memory, visual-motor processing speed, and reaction time were extracted from each study.
Results:
A random-effects pooled meta-analysis revealed that, with the exception of worsened visual memory for those with 1 previous concussion (Hedges g = 0.10), no differences were observed between participants with 1 or multiple concussions compared with participants without previous concussions.
Conclusion:
With the exception of decreased visual memory based on history of 1 concussion, history of 1 or multiple concussions was not associated with worse baseline cognitive performance.
