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Related Concept Videos

Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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The rate of heat transfer by emitted radiation is described by the Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation:
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Mutations01:35

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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
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Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
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Nuclear Power02:36

Nuclear Power

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Controlled nuclear fission reactions are used to generate electricity. Any nuclear reactor that produces power via the fission of uranium or plutonium by bombardment with neutrons has six components: nuclear fuel consisting of fissionable material, a nuclear moderator, a neutron source, control rods, reactor coolant, and a shield and containment system.
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The radiation pressure applied by an electromagnetic wave on a perfectly absorbing surface equals the energy density of the wave. The wave's momentum also gets transferred to the surface when an electromagnetic wave is entirely absorbed by it. The rate at which momentum is transmitted to an absorbing surface perpendicular to the propagation direction equals the force on the surface.
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Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition
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Back to Basics: Radiation Safety.

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    Healthcare professionals and patients face radiation exposure during procedures. Implementing radiation safety guidelines is crucial to minimize harm from equipment like fluoroscopy units.

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    Area of Science:

    • Medical Imaging
    • Radiation Safety
    • Perioperative Care

    Background:

    • Radiation exposure is a significant risk for patients and staff during invasive procedures.
    • Medical equipment, such as fluoroscopy, is essential for diagnosis and treatment but emits ionizing radiation.
    • Failure to adhere to radiation safety protocols can lead to adverse health effects.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the fundamental principles of radiation safety.
    • To outline essential safety precautions for perioperative teams.
    • To emphasize the importance of protecting both staff and patients from radiation exposure.

    Main Methods:

    • This article provides a foundational overview of radiation safety principles.
    • It focuses on practical safety measures applicable in the perioperative environment.
    • Information is presented in a 'Back to Basics' format for clarity.

    Main Results:

    • Adherence to radiation safety guidelines is paramount during procedures involving radiation.
    • Implementing specific precautions can significantly reduce radiation exposure risks.
    • A proactive approach to safety benefits all individuals in the perioperative setting.

    Conclusions:

    • Perioperative teams must prioritize and implement radiation safety measures.
    • Understanding and applying basic radiation safety principles is essential for minimizing harm.
    • Consistent use of safety precautions protects healthcare professionals and patients alike.