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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

A Murine Cell Line Based Model of Chronic CDK9 Inhibition to Study Widespread Non-Genetic Transcriptional Elongation Defects TEdeff in Cancers

A Murine Cell Line Based Model of Chronic CDK9 Inhibition to Study Widespread Non-Genetic Transcriptional Elongation Defects TEdeff in Cancers

Published on: September 26, 2019

Molecular Dissection of CD8⁺ T-Cell Dysfunction.

Chao Wang¹, Meromit Singer², Ana C Anderson¹

¹Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Trends in Immunology

|July 1, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Restoring function in exhausted CD8+ T cells is key for treating chronic infections and cancer. Recent research clarifies the gene and epigenetic changes causing T-cell dysfunction, aiding therapeutic development.

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Measuring Mitochondrial Function of Naïve and Effector CD8 T Cells

Measuring Mitochondrial Function of Naïve and Effector CD8 T Cells

Published on: March 28, 2025

Area of Science:

Immunology
Molecular Biology
Genetics

Background:

Chronic viral infections and cancer induce CD8+ T-cell exhaustion.
Restoring CD8+ T-cell function is a therapeutic goal.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advances in understanding T-cell dysfunction.
To explore the gene modules and epigenetic landscape of exhausted T cells.
To inform therapeutic strategies for T-cell restoration.

Main Methods:

Analysis of gene modules and epigenetic landscape.
Single-cell transcriptome analysis.
Review of current research on T-cell dysfunction.

Main Results:

Deeper understanding of transcriptional mechanisms driving T-cell dysfunction.
Identification of T-cell phenotype heterogeneity in chronic inflammation.
Insights into transcriptional and spatial regulation of dysfunctional T cells.

Conclusions:

Advances in gene and epigenetic analysis provide precise insights into T-cell exhaustion.
Understanding T-cell heterogeneity is crucial for effective therapies.
Findings support the design of novel therapeutics for immune restoration.