Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Understanding Consciousness01:23

Understanding Consciousness

2.3K
Consciousness can be defined as the state of being aware of and able to think about one's existence, sensations, and surroundings. It encompasses two major components: awareness and arousal. Awareness pertains to the recognition of environmental stimuli and internal states. At the same time, arousal refers to the physiological readiness to engage with these stimuli, which varies significantly between states like sleep and wakefulness.
Sleep, a crucial state, is characterized by reduced...
2.3K
Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

7.6K
The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
7.6K
Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

4.5K
Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
4.5K
Personal Choice and Fate Attributions01:19

Personal Choice and Fate Attributions

203
Some individuals interpret life events as a consequence of their personal choices and actions, while others believe that outcomes are dictated by fate or destiny. This divergence in perspective has been examined in psychological and cross-cultural studies, particularly in relation to religious faith and cultural beliefs about causality.Fate and Personal ResponsibilityPeople who emphasize personal responsibility view events as direct consequences of their decisions. For instance, breaking a leg...
203
Subconsciousness and No Awareness01:15

Subconsciousness and No Awareness

750
The concept of subconscious awareness refers to the processing of information below the level of conscious thought, which significantly influences both behaviors and decisions. It is also known as waking subconscious awareness. This complex level of cognition operates without the direct awareness of the individual, facilitating rapid and simultaneous handling of multiple information streams.
An illustrative example of subconscious processing is its role in problem-solving. Often, individuals...
750
Motivational Bias01:25

Motivational Bias

432
Cognitive bias results from limitations in thinking and information processing, leading to systematic errors in judgment. Conversely, motivational bias stems from personal desires or emotions, causing distortions in perception to align with self-interest. Motivational bias influences how individuals perceive and attribute causes to events, often shaped by personal needs, goals, and self-esteem preservation. This bias can distort judgment, leading to inaccurate assessments of success, failure,...
432

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Quantifying quantum-like structure in rough set lattices: Numerical indices for complex and intelligent systems.

Bio Systems·2026
Same author

Interplay Between Vertical and Horizontal Schemes of Computation: From Bayesian Inference to Quantum Logic via Gluing Boolean Algebras.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Adaptive inference through Bayesian and inverse Bayesian inference with symmetry bias in nonstationary environments.

Bio Systems·2026
Same author

Enhancing Neuromorphic Robustness via Recurrence Resonance: The Role of Shared Weak Attractors in Quantum Logic Networks.

Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Usefulness of an Extensible Trial Neck in Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Orthopedics·2025
Same author

Quantum logic automata generate class IV-like patterns and 1/f noise.

Bio Systems·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Virtual Hand with Ambiguous Movement between the Self and Other Origin: Sense of Ownership and 'Other-Produced' Agency
08:01

Virtual Hand with Ambiguous Movement between the Self and Other Origin: Sense of Ownership and 'Other-Produced' Agency

Published on: October 28, 2020

6.1K

Free will in Bayesian and inverse Bayesian inference-driven endo-consciousness.

Yukio-Pegio Gunji1, Mai Minoura1, Kei Kojima1

  • 1Department of Intermedia, Art and Science, School of Fundamental Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Ohkubo 3-4-1, Shinjuku 169-8555, Japan.

Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology
|July 1, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces the endo-perspective for understanding consciousness, contrasting it with the exo-perspective. It proposes endo-consciousness, using Bayesian and inverse Bayesian inference, to explain free will through voluntary action control.

Keywords:
Bayesian inferenceConsciousnessEndo-physicsFree willInternal measurement

More Related Videos

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

6.5K
Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface
11:54

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface

Published on: May 8, 2021

5.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Virtual Hand with Ambiguous Movement between the Self and Other Origin: Sense of Ownership and 'Other-Produced' Agency
08:01

Virtual Hand with Ambiguous Movement between the Self and Other Origin: Sense of Ownership and 'Other-Produced' Agency

Published on: October 28, 2020

6.1K
The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

6.5K
Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface
11:54

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface

Published on: May 8, 2021

5.2K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Philosophy of Mind
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Linking consciousness and qualia to natural science remains a challenge.
  • The endo-perspective offers a novel approach, contrasting with the traditional exo-perspective.
  • Distinguishing perspectives based on direct external operation is key.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the endo-perspective as a framework for naturalizing consciousness.
  • To propose endo-consciousness as an agent capable of specific inferential processes.
  • To investigate how endo-consciousness can account for phenomena like free will.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual distinction between endo- and exo-perspectives.
  • Analysis of causation-reversal pairs and their metaphorical structure.
  • Introduction of Bayesian and inverse Bayesian inference (BIB inference).
  • Adaptation of the free will theorem's logical model to BIB inference.

Main Results:

  • The endo-perspective involves indirect summoning of the external, unlike direct perception in the exo-perspective.
  • Differences in perspectives are linked to modernism vs. animism, not cultural divides.
  • Endo-consciousness, equipped with BIB inference, offers both efficient and robust computation.
  • Endo-consciousness provides a model for free will as a regression of voluntary action controllability.

Conclusions:

  • The endo-perspective and endo-consciousness offer a promising avenue for scientific inquiry into consciousness.
  • BIB inference is a crucial component of endo-consciousness, enabling complex cognitive functions.
  • This framework has the potential to bridge the gap between subjective experience and natural science, including explaining free will.