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Related Concept Videos

Gram-negative Bacterial Protein Secretion Systems01:17

Gram-negative Bacterial Protein Secretion Systems

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Gram-negative bacteria utilize sophisticated protein secretion systems to transport proteins across their double-membrane envelope into the extracellular environment or host cells. Based on their mechanism of action, these systems are classified into one-step and two-step pathways.One-Step Secretion Systems (Types I, III, IV, and VI)One-step secretion systems bypass the periplasm entirely, forming a continuous channel that spans both the inner and outer membranes:Type I Secretion System (T1SS):...
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Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
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Bacterial Translocation and Protein Secretion01:26

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Bacterial protein secretion involves translocation systems to ensure proteins reach their designated locations, including the plasma membrane, periplasm, outer membrane, or the external environment. These translocation systems are vital for bacterial physiology, supporting processes like membrane assembly, enzymatic activity in the periplasm, and interactions with the external environment. The division of labor between Sec and Tat pathways ensures efficiency in handling proteins with diverse...
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Exocrine Glands: Methods of Secretion01:08

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Exocrine glands are those that release their secretions through ducts. Based on their mode of secretion, they can be classified into merocrine, apocrine, and holocrine.
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Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
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Proteins perform many mechanical functions in a cell. These proteins can be classified into two general categories- proteins that generate mechanical forces and proteins that are subjected to mechanical forces. Proteins providing mechanical support to the structure of the cell, such as keratin, are subjected to mechanical force, whereas proteins involved in cell movement and transport of molecules across cell membranes, such as an ion pump, are examples of generating mechanical force. 
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A Visual Assay to Monitor T6SS-mediated Bacterial Competition
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Type VI Secretion Effectors: Methodologies and Biology.

Yun-Wei Lien1,2, Erh-Min Lai1,2

  • 1Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia SinicaTaipei, Taiwan.

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
|July 1, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a bacterial weapon that delivers effector proteins. This review discusses methods for identifying these effectors and proposes new strategies for discovery.

Keywords:
bioinformaticseffectorlibrarymethodologyprotein-protein interactionproteomicstoxin-immunitytype VI secretion system

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacterial Pathogenesis
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a complex molecular machine present in many Gram-negative bacteria.
  • It functions as a weapon, delivering effector proteins to target cells, impacting bacterial competition and pathogenesis.
  • Understanding T6SS effectors is crucial for deciphering bacterial interactions and developing novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review existing methodologies for identifying T6SS effector proteins.
  • To discuss the known biological and biochemical functions of characterized T6SS effectors.
  • To propose novel strategies for the discovery of new T6SS effectors based on their characteristics and transport mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on T6SS effector identification.
  • Analysis of knowledge/hypothesis-dependent and discovery-driven approaches.
  • Examination of effector protein nature and transport mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Summary of diverse methods employed for T6SS effector discovery.
  • Consolidation of functional insights into known T6SS effectors.
  • Identification of patterns in effector characteristics and transport.

Conclusions:

  • Existing methods provide a foundation for T6SS effector identification.
  • Further research can leverage effector properties to discover novel targets.
  • Developing new strategies is essential for a complete understanding of T6SS effector repertoire.