Catheter ablation of atypical atrial flutter: a novel 3D anatomic mapping approach to quickly localize and terminate
Sri Sundaram1, William Choe2, J Ryan Jordan2
1Cardiac Electrophysiology, South Denver Cardiology Associates, Littleton, CO, 80120, USA. Sris@southdenver.com.
Purpose:
This study aims to describe a novel method of High Density Activation Sequence Mapping combined with Voltage Gradient Mapping Overlay (HD-VGM) to quickly localize and terminate atypical atrial flutter.
Methods:
Twenty-one patients presenting with 26 different atypical atrial flutter circuits after a previous catheter or surgical AF ablation were studied. HD-VGM was performed with a commercially available impedance-based mapping system to locate and successfully ablate the critical isthmus of each tachycardia circuit. The results were compared to 21 consecutive historical control patients who had undergone an atypical flutter ablation without HD-VGM.
Results:
Twenty-six different atypical flutter circuits were evaluated. An average 3D anatomic mapping time of 12.39 ± 4.71 min was needed to collect 2996 ± 690 total points and 1016 ± 172 used mapping points. A mean of 195 ± 75 s of radiofrequency (RF) energy was needed to terminate the arrhythmias. The mean procedure time was 135 ± 46 min. With a mean follow-up 16 ± 9 months, 90% are in normal rhythm. In comparison to the control cohort, the study cohort had a shorter procedure time (135 ± 46 vs. 210 ± 41 min, p = 0.0009), fluoroscopy time (8.5 ± 3.7 vs. 17.7 ± 7.7 min, p = 0.0021), and success in termination of the arrhythmia during the procedure (100 vs. 68.2%, p = 0.0230).
Conclusions:
Ablation of atypical atrial flutter is challenging and time consuming. This case series shows that HD-VGM mapping can quickly localize and terminate an atypical flutter circuit.
