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Incidence of Campylobacter intestinal infections, active component, U.S. Armed Forces, 2007-2016
Abstract:
During 2007-2016, there were 1,753 diagnosed cases of Campylobacter intestinal infection among active component service members. The overall rate for the period was 14.1 cases per 100,000 person-years (p-yrs), but the annual incidence rates steadily increased from 7.6 cases per 100,000 p-yrs in 2007 to 22.1 cases per 100,000 p-yrs in 2016. Overall rates were higher in females, those aged 45 years or older, members of the Air Force and Army, offi cers, and those in military healthcare occupations. Incidence rates were lowest among service members who were recruit trainees, younger than 20 years of age, non-Hispanic blacks, and Marines. For the entire 10-year surveillance period, more cases were diagnosed in the warmer months of the year. Only eight cases were diagnosed in deployment settings during the 10-year period. Discussion of the recognized risk factors for Campylobacter infections reviewed the hazards of undercooked meats (especially poultry), unpasteurized milk, and untreated surface water in the environment. The limitations of the study methodology were described.
Insights
Campylobacter intestinal infections in military service members increased significantly from 2007 to 2016. Higher rates were observed in females, older individuals, and specific military branches, with warmer months showing more cases.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Military Health Surveillance
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Campylobacter intestinal infection is a significant public health concern.
- Understanding incidence trends and risk factors within military populations is crucial for targeted prevention strategies.
- Previous research indicates common sources like contaminated food and water.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the incidence and trends of Campylobacter infections among active component service members from 2007 to 2016.
- To identify demographic and occupational risk factors associated with Campylobacter infection in this population.
- To examine seasonal patterns and deployment-related cases of Campylobacter infection.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of diagnosed Campylobacter intestinal infection cases.
- Utilized data from active component service members over a 10-year surveillance period (2007-2016).
- Calculated incidence rates per 100,000 person-years and analyzed demographic, occupational, seasonal, and deployment factors.
Main Results:
- A total of 1,753 cases were diagnosed, with an overall incidence rate of 14.1 cases per 100,000 person-years.
- Annual incidence rates showed a steady increase from 7.6 in 2007 to 22.1 in 2016.
- Higher rates were observed in females, those aged 45+, Air Force/Army members, officers, and healthcare occupations. Lower rates were seen in younger service members, non-Hispanic blacks, and Marines. Cases peaked during warmer months, with few occurring during deployment.
Conclusions:
- Campylobacter infections represent a growing health issue within the active military component.
- Risk factors include demographic characteristics, specific military occupations, and potentially environmental exposures during warmer months.
- Further investigation into prevention measures targeting identified risk groups and common exposure routes is warranted.