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Incidence of Shigella intestinal infections, active component, U.S. Armed Forces, 2007-2016
Abstract:
During 2007-2016, there were 428 incident cases of Shigella infection among active component service members, with an overall crude incidence rate of 3.4 cases per 100,000 person-years (p-yrs). Compared to their respective counterparts, overall incidence rates were highest among females, non-Hispanic black service members, those aged 35-39 years, members of the Army, and those in military healthcare occupations. With the exception of 2015, the annual incidence rates of shigellosis from 2007 through 2016 were relatively stable. The annual incidence rate in 2015 was twice that of the rate in 2014 (6.4 cases per 100,000 p-yrs and 3.1 cases per 100,000 p-yrs, respectively). This peak was followed by a decrease to 3.4 cases per 100,000 p-yrs in 2016. There was no marked pattern of seasonality of Shigella infections during the 10-year surveillance period. During 2008-2016, a total of 23 cases of Shigella infection were diagnosed in deployment settings. Risk factors for Shigella infection and standard measures for the prevention of shigellosis are reviewed.
Insights
Shigella infections occurred at a rate of 3.4 per 100,000 person-years among US service members between 2007-2016. Incidence was highest in females, non-Hispanic Black individuals, and Army members, with a notable peak in 2015.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Epidemiology
- Military Health
Background:
- Shigellosis is a significant public health concern, particularly in military populations.
- Understanding incidence patterns and risk factors is crucial for prevention and control.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the incidence, trends, and demographic risk factors of Shigella infections among active component US service members from 2007 to 2016.
- To identify specific subgroups with higher infection rates and examine deployment-related cases.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of incident Shigella infection cases.
- Surveillance data from active component service members (2007-2016).
- Calculation of crude incidence rates per 100,000 person-years (p-yrs).
Main Results:
- A total of 428 cases were reported, with an overall crude incidence rate of 3.4 cases per 100,000 p-yrs.
- Higher incidence rates were observed in females, non-Hispanic black service members, those aged 35-39, Army members, and healthcare occupations.
- Annual rates were stable, except for a twofold increase in 2015; no seasonality was detected. 23 cases occurred in deployment settings (2008-2016).
Conclusions:
- Shigella infection incidence in US service members remained relatively stable but varied significantly by demographics.
- Targeted prevention strategies may be necessary for high-risk groups, including females, non-Hispanic black service members, and Army personnel.
- The study highlights the importance of ongoing surveillance and risk factor assessment for Shigella in military populations.