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Incidence of Escherichia coli intestinal infections, active component, U.S. Armed Forces, 2007-2016
Abstract:
During 2007-2016, there were 290 incident cases of Escherichia coli infection among active component service members, with an overall crude incidence rate of 2.3 cases per 100,000 person-years (p-yrs). Subgroup-specific rates were higher among service members aged 50 years or older and those aged 25-29 years than those in other age groups. Compared to their respective counterparts, females, non-Hispanic white service members, members of the Air Force, and service members in healthcare occupations had the highest rates of E. coli infection. Crude overall incidence rates were highest among senior enlisted service members and junior officers, compared to those in other ranks/grades. Annual incidence rates of E. coli infection among active component service members peaked in 2011 (3.4 cases per 100,000 p-yrs) and in 2016 (4.7 cases per 100,000 p-yrs) but otherwise were relatively stable. The monthly distribution of the cumulative number of incident cases of infections during the 10-year period showed a modest pattern of seasonality. During 2008-2016, a total of 14 incident cases of E. coli infection were identified among active component service members during deployments. Standard measures for the prevention of intestinal E. coli infection are reviewed.
Insights
Escherichia coli infections occurred at low rates in active service members, but were more common in older adults and specific demographics. Prevention measures are reviewed.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Epidemiology
- Military Health
Background:
- Escherichia coli (E. coli) infections pose a risk to military personnel.
- Understanding incidence patterns is crucial for public health interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the incidence and identify risk factors for E. coli infections in active component service members.
- To analyze trends and seasonality of E. coli infections over a 10-year period.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of incident E. coli infection cases from 2007-2016.
- Calculation of crude incidence rates per 100,000 person-years.
- Subgroup analysis by age, sex, race, military branch, occupation, and rank/grade.
Main Results:
- 290 incident E. coli cases were reported, with an overall crude incidence rate of 2.3 per 100,000 person-years.
- Higher rates observed in individuals aged 50+, 25-29 years, females, non-Hispanic whites, Air Force members, and healthcare occupations.
- Incidence peaked in 2011 and 2016, with a modest seasonal pattern and 14 deployment-related cases.
Conclusions:
- E. coli infection rates vary significantly across demographic and occupational subgroups within the military.
- Targeted prevention strategies may be needed for high-risk groups.
- Surveillance and understanding of infection patterns are essential for military readiness.