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Characterization and Epidemiology of Pigeon Paramyxovirus Type-1 Viruses (PPMV-1) Isolated in Macedonia

A Dodovski1, I Cvetkovikj1, K Krstevski1

  • 1A Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Skopje, Veterinary Institute, Lazar Pop Trajkov 5-7, MK-1000, Skopje, Macedonia.

Avian Diseases
|July 1, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Pigeon Paramyxovirus Type 1 (PPMV-1) is enzootic in Macedonian pigeons, showing genetic links to European strains. This study details its molecular epidemiology, revealing co-circulation of diverse viral isolates.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Molecular Epidemiology
  • Avian Pathology

Background:

  • Pigeon Paramyxovirus Type 1 (PPMV-1) poses a significant threat to domestic and feral pigeon populations.
  • Understanding the genetic diversity and epidemiological patterns of PPMV-1 is crucial for disease control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize PPMV-1 isolates from Macedonia using classical and molecular techniques.
  • To determine the phylogenetic relationship of Macedonian PPMV-1 isolates with other global strains.
  • To investigate the molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of PPMV-1 in the region.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and characterization of PPMV-1 from domestic and feral pigeons.
  • Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) test and Intracerebral Pathogenicity Index (ICPI) test.
  • Molecular methods including RT-qPCR, RT-PCR, and nucleotide sequencing of the fusion gene.
  • Phylogenetic analysis.

Main Results:

  • Eleven PPMV-1 isolates (10 domestic, 1 feral) from 2007-2012 were characterized.
  • Phylogenetic analysis placed these isolates within the European PPMV-1 (EU/re) cluster, genotype VIb/1.
  • All isolates exhibited virulent cleavage site motifs, with ICPI values ranging from 0.59 to 1.53.
  • High nucleotide sequence homology was observed between Macedonian and EU/re isolates.
  • Co-circulation of different PPMV-1 isolates within the same pigeon holdings was detected.

Conclusions:

  • PPMV-1 is enzootically established in Macedonian pigeon populations.
  • Macedonian PPMV-1 isolates are closely related to recent European strains.
  • The study provides the first extensive molecular epidemiological description of PPMV-1 in Macedonia.
  • Detection of co-circulating isolates highlights the complexity of PPMV-1 epidemiology in the region.
Keywords:
Macedoniacharacterizationepidemiologyphylogenypigeonpigeon paramyxovirus type 1

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